基因组210 RNA的合成和加工.docVIP

10. Synthesis and Processing of RNALearning outcomes When you have read Chapter 10, you should be able to: Describe the elongation and termination phases of transcription in Escherichia coli, and explain how these are regulated by antitermination and attenuation Give details of elongation and termination of eukaryotic transcripts, including the processes responsible for capping and polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNAs Distinguish between the splicing pathways of different types of intron, and in particular give a detailed description of splicing of GU-AG introns, including examples of alternative splicing Describe the cutting events involved in processing of bacterial and eukaryotic pre-rRNA and pre-tRNA Define the term ‘ribozyme, and give examples of ribozymes Explain how eukaryotic rRNAs are chemically modified at specific nucleotide positions Give examples of mRNA editing in mammals and outline the more complex types of RNA editing that occur in various other eukaryotes Describe the mRNA degradation processes of bacteria and eukaryotes Outline the events involved in transport of eukaryotic RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm initiation of transcription, culminating with the RNA polymerase leaving the promoter and beginning synthesis of an RNA molecule, is simply the first step in the genome expression pathway. In this chapter and the next we will follow the process onwards and examine how transcription and translation eventually result in synthesis of the proteome. 10.1. Synthesis and Processing of mRNA We begin our detailed study of transcription by looking at the synthesis and processing of mRNAs, the molecules that make up the transcriptome and which specify the protein content of the cell. As the central players in genome expression, mRNAs have received the greatest attention from researchers and we now have a detailed picture of how they are produced. Events in bacteria are different in many respects from those in eukaryotes and so we will deal w