发育生物学_embryonic stem cell_F1.pptVIP

An Overview of Early Development  Therapeutic Cloning History of Animal Cloning How Successful Was Animal Cloning? Very low (~1-3%) 自1997年“多莉”羊问世之后，全球陆续有几个实验室开展人类体细胞核移 植研究(陆长富等，2000；Cibelli et al., 2001；Lavoir et al., 2005；Heindrychx et al., 2007； Hall et al., 2007；Fan et al., 2009 )。 2000年，中南大学生殖与干细胞工程研究所首次报道人类体细胞核移植胚胎可发育至桑椹胚； 2001年，美国先进细胞公司 Ciblelli 等报道人核移植胚胎可发育至6-c； 2003年，南大学生殖与干细胞工程研究所再次报道人类体细胞核移植胚胎能发育至囊胚； 后来陆续有几个实验室发表文章获得人类核移植囊胚，但获得囊胚数量极少（1-5枚）（Lu et al, 2003, Strojkovic et al., 2005, French et al., 2008, Li et al., 2009, Yu et al., 2009 , Xu et al, 2011）。 人类体细胞核移植技术进展？？？？？ The other sources of stem cells Alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells from amnitotic fluid The process of deriving stem cell lines from amniotic fluid Proposed by Landry and Zucker Landry, D. W. and H. A. Zucker, “Embryonic death and the creation of human embryonic stem cells,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 114, 1184-1186 (2004). “organismic death for the early-stage human embryo: the irreversible loss of the capacity for ‘continued and integrated cellular division, growth and differentiation’.” Extracting stem cells from an embryo that is organismically dead would not harm the embryo, since it would already be dead. Howard Zucker The other sources of embryonic stem cells Dead embryos Such entities in fact sometimes occur in nature—they are know as teratomas—and they can never develop into full human beings even though the teratomas may show evidence of certain human characteristics such as fingernails. Typically these are viewed as freakish and some critics have maintained that this solution is morally and aesthetically repulsive. Teratomas The other sources of embryonic stem cells Currently, to perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), doctors extract a single cell from the early embryo. Can we do the same in order to then use the cell to develop hESCs? Removing a single Cell The other sources of embryonic stem cells The Induced Pluripotent St