第三单元大学英语英语翻译.docVIP

Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment An effective information system provides users with timely, accurate, and relevant information. This information is stored in computer files. When the files are properly arranged and maintained, users can easily access and retrieve the information they need. 传统环境下的数据组织 一个高效的信息系统应向使用者提供及时、准确以及相关的信息。信息存储在系统的文件中。正确地整理和维护文件，可以使用户很容易地检索到他们所需要的信息。 You can appreciate the importance of file management if you have ever written a term paper using 3×5 index cards. No matter how efficient your storage device (a metal box or a rubber band), if you organize the cards randomly your term paper will have little or no organization. 如果你在撰写学期论文时曾经使用过3×5索引卡，你会体会到文件管理的重要性。不管你的存储设备（一个金属盒或一个皮筋）效率如何,如果你随意地组织你的卡片,你的学期论文将会缺乏组织性 Given enough time, you could put the cards in order, but your system would be more efficient if you set up your organizational scheme early on. If your scheme is flexible enough and well documented, you can extend it to account for any changes in your viewpoint as you write your paper. 如果有足够的时间，你可以将卡片按次序放置，但是如果你早点创建你自己的组织方案，你的系统会做得更有效。如果你的方案足够的灵活并且文档也很齐全，那么在你撰写论文时，可以利用它来说明观点中的任何变化。 The same need for file organization applies to firms. Well-managed, carefully arranged files make it easy to obtain data for business decisions, whereas poorly managed files lead to chaos in information processing high costs, poor performance, and little, if any, flexibility. Despite the use of excellent hardware and software, many organizations have inefficient information systems because of poor file management. 公司同样也需要组织文件。组织良好，认真安排的文件可以使商业决策获取数据变得更容易，而组织混乱的文件只能导致信息处理紊乱、成本高、性能差并且灵活性低。尽管使用优秀的硬件和软件，但由于文件组织得不好，很多组织的信息系统的效率还是很低。 File Organization Terms and Concepts A computer system organizes data in hierarchy that starts with bits and bytes and progresses to fields, records, files, and databases. A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle. 文件组织术语及概念 计算机