第六章数字高程模型内插说课.ppt

数 字 高 程 模 型 主 讲：严 勇 Contents 6.1 内插方法的分类 6.2 整体内插 6.3 分块内插 6.4 逐点内插法 6.5 一些例子介绍 6.1 内插方法的分类 Importance Interpolation is involved in the various stages of the modeling process such as quality control surface reconstruction accuracy assessment terrain analysis and applications 6.2 整体内插 6.2 分块内插 Interpolation approaches By the size of the area for interpolation,two approaches are identified : area-based point-based Area-based interpolation The surface is constructed by using all the reference (known) points within this area and the height of any point within this area can be determined by using this constructed surface It could be either global or local Pointwise interpolation 6.3.1 Simple linear interpolation 线性内插 6.3.3 二元样条函数内插 Bilinear interpolation Advantages It is widely used in DTM interpolation because it is simple, intuitive and reliable Disadvantage The resulting surface is not smooth 6.3.4 Area-based best fitting of surfaces Least-squares fitting of a local surface 最小二乘法拟合 where is the deviation of the ith reference point from the fitting surface and n is the total number of reference points. Commonly used functions 2nd order polynomial where are the six coefficients. They need to be determined by making use of n reference points Commonly used functions If there are n (6) reference points The error functions Simplified as Interpolation of a large DEM using segmented processing 式中P为权重矩阵。可取为： 移动拟合法的关键问题： 如何确定待插点的最小邻域范围以保证有足够的参考点； 如何确定各参考点的权重。 选择邻近点的两个因素 动态圆半径方法: N为总点数，A为总面积。 按方位取点法 以格网点为中心把平面平均分成n个扇面，从每个扇面内取一点作加权平均，克服了数据点偏向的缺点。 (a) No selectors (b) 4 sectors (c) 8 sectors 汉威Hannover大学的TASH程序使用的就是二次曲面移动内插法。 目前，许多大型的地理信息系统软件中都有专门的DEM模块。ARC/INFO系列产品中的GRID、TIN模块， GeoStar中的GeoTIN和GeoGrid模块，MAPGIS中的DTM模块，GeoCity中的GeoDem模块等均可用来进行DTM分析。此外，国际上还有一些比较著名的专门DTM软件包。如德国慕尼黑大学的HIFI，斯图加特大学的SCOP，汉威大学的TASH，奥地利维也纳工业大学的SORA以及瑞士苏黎士工业大学的CIP等。这些程序都拥有广泛的DEM应用模块。 国内外软件DEM模块 由于解的稳定