e第3讲振动与动力学分析2012e.pptVIP

Lecture 3 Induction to Mechanical Vibration Dynamics Vibration Dynamics of Rotating System Ideas of identification the cracked beam parameters Methods for dynamic equation establishment Newtons Second Laws DAlembers principle Virtual work principle Euler-Lagrange Equations Canonical Hamiltons Equations Influence coefficients method Transfer Matrix method Newtonian Mechanics By Galileo and Newton Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687). Three Laws of Mechanics Analytical Mechanics d’Alembert, Euler, Lagrange, Hamilton Analytical Mechanics by Lagrange (1788) extend to non-mechanical systems. Difference between Newtonian Mechanics and Analytical Mechanics Newtonian: Particles system Force Constraints Analytical: Mechanics system Energy (generalized coordinates) Need not to consider constraints Limitation vc c=2.997925×108m/s speed of light Relative theory h h=6.626×10-34J s Planck constant E×t ~ h or small size Quantum theory Degrees of Freedom The most general definition of dynamical variables is any set of variables that can describe completely the configuration of a mechanical system (i.e., the position of its parts) and that can change under the action of the forces. The degrees of freedom denote the number of independent kinematical possibilities to move. In other words, degrees of freedom are the minimum number of parameters required to completely define the position of an entity in space. Virtual displacement Infinitesimal displacement of the particle compatible with the constraints. In performing this virtual displacement δx we assume both active and reactive forces to be ‘frozen’ in time at the instant t, that is to say that they do not change as the system passes through this infinitesimal change of its configuration. This justifies the term ‘virtual’, as opposed to a ‘real’ displacement dx, which occurs in a time dt. Influence coefficients method Transfer Matrix method The study of the elastic behavior of beams dat