6章植物基因工程摘要.pptVIP

Introduction The transgenic plant was first achieved in the early 1980s. Over 100 different plant species had been transformed The genetically engineered characteristics conclude insect resistance, herbicide tolerance and improved nutritional value Plant tissue shows a high degree of developmental plasticity. Potential Applications of Plant Genetic Engineering Agricultural improvements of a crop plant Use as a bioreactor for production of proteins and metabolites Accelerate traditional breeding Create novel characteristics The study of biological processes Genetically Transformed Plants 第一节 植物遗传转化的基础 2. 细胞悬浮培养 当愈伤组织被转入液体培养基振荡培养时，细胞团会分散成为单细胞、小细胞团、大细胞团的悬浮培养物 悬浮培养物可无限培养，但会发生聚集 遗传不稳定性导致突变的积累，细胞异源化 3. 原生质体 原生质体融合 原生质体转化 4. 植株的再生 Whole fertile plants can be regenerated from tissue explants， callus， cell suspensions or protoplasts by placing them on appropriate media. DNA can be introduced into most types of plant material—protoplasts, cell suspensions, callus, tissue explants, gametes, seeds, zygotes, embryos, organs and whole plants. The ability to recovery fertile plants from such material is often the limiting step in plant genetic engineering rather than the DNA transfer process itself. 二、植物基因转移方法 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gene Gun Protoplast transformation Electroporation Microinjection Agrobacterium tumefaciens “Gene Gun” Technique Electroporation Technique Plant Transformation Systems 三、植物转化的标记基因系统 Selectable Markers Reporter Genes Promoter Selectable Markers Neomycin phosphotransferase gene The antibiotic kanamycin is inactivated by the gene for neomycin phosphotransferase. Addition of kanamycin to culture plates will cause loss of chloroplast functions Kanamycin will select for the presence of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene Hygromycin phosphotransferase gene Hygromycin is a broad spectrum plant herbicide Hygromycin phosphotransferase inactivates hygromycin Use of hygromycin in culture plates will select for expression of the hygr