PrincipalComponentsAnalysis主成分教材.pptVIP

CHAPTER 4:Principal Components Analysis(主成份分析) Introduction 研究人員的分析中往往涉及許多變數，要了解這麼多變數的相關型態是非常困難的！這些變數可能有高度相關，使得很多資訊是重複的。也可能導致研重的多元共線性的問題。 主成份分析是一個可以將這些資料重新表達的方法。也就是說主成份分析結果以新的相互不相關的變數取代原有相關之變數，此新的變數為原有變數之線性組合，我們稱其為主成份(principal components)。 將變數視為多度空間的坐標軸，主成份分析的概念就是對這些座標軸進行旋轉(線性組何合)而已。 如果有過多重覆資訊，主成份分析能夠將原始資訊濃縮，使分析問題更明確且簡易。研究者必須去決定到底要取幾個主成份，取得數量愈少愈容易管理分析，而取得數量愈多，就可獲得較多的資訊。主成份分析有一個很大的優點，就是它不會有多元共線性的問題。 4.1.1 Potential Applications Dimension Reduction (資料構面縮減) Ofir和Simonson在2001年藉著Cacioppo、Petty以及Kao在1984的研究發展出18個問項來評估need for cognition，見表4.1。 TABLE 4.1 Eighteen items used in measuring a survey respondent’s “need for cognition” Item Response C1 I prefer complex to simple problems. C2 I like to have the responsibility of handling a situation that requires a lot of thinking. C3 Thinking is not my idea of fun.（R） C4 I would rather do something requiring little thought than something that is sure to challenge my thinking abilities. C5 I try to anticipate and avoid situations where there is a likely chance that I will have to think in depth about something.（R） C6 I find satisfaction in deliberating hard for long hours. C7 I only think as hard as I have to.（R） C8 I prefer to think about small daily projects to long-term ones.（R） C9 I like tasks that require little thought once I’ve learned them.（R） C10 The idea of relying on thought to make my way to the top appeals to me. C11 I really enjoy a task that involves coming up with new solutions to problems. C12 Learning new ways to think doesn’t excite me much.（R） C13 I prefer my life to be filled with puzzles that I must solve. C14 The notion of thinking abstractly is appealing to me. C15 I prefer tasks that are intellectual , difficult , and important to ones that do not require much thought. C16 I feel relief rather than satisfaction after completing a task that required a lot of mental effort.（R） C17 It’s enough for m