信号发生器的基本知识概述.ppt

Source Basics Agenda In a QPSK signal, the phase of the carrier is varied between one of four different phase states. These states are normally separated by p/2 radians. A QPSK signal may be generated by phase modulation with a modulating waveform that contains four discrete levels. The output spectrum of a QPSK signal is similar to that of a BPSK signal. Because they are orthogonal signals, the I and Q signals may be mapped onto a set of orthogonal axes: The IQ plane. A constellation diagram indicates the allowable states. For QPSK, there are four allowable states defined by the set of four IQ points: IQ: The signal at each of these states may be represented by a vector drawn from the origin to the allowable state. The length of the vector indicates the magnitude (power) of the signal. The rotation off of the I axis indicates the phase of the signal (relative to the carrier). The diagram above indicates the position of the signal at one point in time. Over time the vector will rotate from one state to another. NADC Constellation pi/4 DQPSK is differential method used in NADC handsets, so power amp does not turn off. The IQ constellation of our digitally modulated signal provides a wealth of information. Recall first the basics of digital modulation: Digital bits are transferred onto an RF carrier by varying the carriers magnitude and phase such that, at each data clock transition, the carrier occupies any one of several unique phase and amplitude locations on the IQ plane. Each location encodes a specific data symbol, which consists of one or more data bits. A constellation diagram shows the valid locations at the decision time (i.e., the magnitude and phase relative to the carrier) for all permitted symbols, of which there must be 2n, given n bits transmitted per symbol. Thus, to demodulate the incoming data, one must accurately determine the exact magnitude and phase of the received signal for each clock transition. At any moment in time,