免疫学第二章 免疫组织和器官2012).ppt

Lymphocyte Recirculation 3 Lymphocyte Recirculation homing * * * * * * * * * * 第二章 免疫器官和免疫组织 中枢免疫器官：骨髓，胸腺。 外周免疫器官：淋巴结，脾脏, 黏膜相关淋巴组织。 初级淋巴滤泡与生发中心：B细胞定居和免疫应答 人体免疫器官和免疫组织 Central Immune Organs： where immunocytes generate 、proliferate 、 differentiate. (一)． Bone marrow ： where hematopoietic stem cells proliferate、develop、 mature； generate B（expressing Ag R）. Stromal stem cells: to differentiate into many kinds of tissues, i.e. nervous tissue. Hematopoietic stem cells : WBCs, RBCs, platelets (thrombocytes). 2．Thymus：where T proliferate 、 differentiate 、mature（ expressing Ag、MHC、CD R） . Thymus DN - double-negative thymocytes DP - double-positive thymocytes SP - single-positive thymocytes pTECs -progenitor thymic epithelial cells mTECs - mature medullary thymic epithelial cells cTECs - cortical thymic epithelial cells 裸 鼠 先天性胸腺发育不全(DiGeorge 综合症): T细胞先天发育障碍、缺乏。 2 Peripheral Immune Organs ： 1．Lymph node： T(75%) 2．Spleen： T(35%). 3．Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissues： located within the lining of the major tracts (respiratory、digestive genitourinary tracts). local immunity humoral immunity(sIgA) Composed mostly of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Antigens are filtered out of the lymph in the lymph node before returning the lymph to the circulation. Lymph nodes The lymph nodes function as an immunologic filter for the bodily fluid known as lymph. 组织中的淋巴细胞 初级淋巴结 次级淋巴结 主淋巴管 进入血液循环 左锁骨下静脉 胸导管 HEV 血淋巴细胞穿出HEV进入外周淋巴组织并参加淋巴循环，在血液和淋巴液之间循环1周约需24小时 淋巴细胞再循环：HEV→淋巴结→输出淋巴管→胸导管→左锁骨下静脉→血循环 高内皮毛细血管后静脉(high endothelial venule, high walled endothelium of the post-capillary Venues) 红髓 白髓 生发中心 小动脉周围淋巴鞘 初级淋巴滤泡 边缘区 脾 脏 (Spleen) The spleen is the biggest peripheral immune organ, an immunologic filter of the blood, made up of B, T, Mφ, DC, NK and RBCs. 皮氏小结 生发中心 初级淋巴滤泡 滤泡 感