英语中的修辞手法资料.doc

Figures of speech Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. Figures of Resemblance and Relationship Simile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借代) Synecdoche（提喻） Personification（拟人） Antonomasia （换称） 一 Simile(明喻) Simile：(明喻It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. 1. Simile通常由三部分构成：本体（tenor or subject）,喻体（vehicle or reference）和比喻词（comparative word or indicator of resemblance）。 eg: My love is like a red red rose. tenor comparative word vehicle 2.句型 （1）.like型 ★A联系动词（以to be 居多）+like Eg: Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针 ★实意动词+like。 They will never be able to save money to buy a new house——they both spend money like water. ★ as 型 as在明喻句中用作介词，后跟名词。也可用作连词，后跟状语从句，表示动作或行为的方式。此外，还有两个常用句型，即as…as…和as…so…。 英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为as+形容词+as+名词（第一个as可省略）。例如： (as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石 (as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 (as) close as an oyster 守口如瓶 (as) mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉 (as) strong as a horse 强壮如牛 (as) cool as a cucumber 泰然自若 (as) sober as a judge