2012高一英语教案：情态动词（Modal Verbs）（外研版必修2）.docVIP

情态动词（Modal Verbs） 概念和特征 表示说话人对某一动作或是状态的态度的动词。情态动词具有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，要和后面的动词原形一起作谓语，它没有人称和数的变化，具有助动词的作用，即用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简单回答。 类型 1. 只用作情态动词的：must can∕could may∕might ought to 2. 既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的： need dare 3．可作情态动词也可作助动词的： shall ∕ should will ∕ would 4．具有情态动词特征的动词短语：have to used to would rather had better 用法 Can∕Could ⑴. 表示能力，相当于be able to。 Can you speak English？ He could swim when he was 5 Canbe able to可用于各种时态。 She has been able to play the piano for 3 years. ⑵.表示征求意见，许可，could比can的语气要委婉，相当于may 。 Can I smoke here？ Yes，you can.∕No，you can’t. She asked whether she could smoke here. You can go with us if you like. ⑶. 表示推测，can比could可能性大, 用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句均可。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. It can’t be true. Can∕could ＋Can／could ＋be doingCan／could ＋have doneHe can’t be at home now. He can be studying now. He could have gone to school. It’s Sunday. 但是情态动词表示推测时其反义疑问句应根据动词的实际事态而变化。 ⑷. could have done 本能够，本可以 You could have borrowed my car. I wasn’t using it. You could have come earlier. ⑸ 表示说话人的惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中） Can he be working till so late? How can you be so careless! 2. May ／Might ⑴. 表示征求意见，请求和许可。 May I smoke here? Yes , you may. No , you mustn’t／’d better not ／can’t. You may smoke. ⑵. 表示推测，may可能性比might大，不如can语气强烈。可能也许，通常用于肯定句中。 may／might＋v 原形表示对现在的状态特征推测 may／might＋be doing表示对正在进行的动作的推测 may／might＋have done 表示对过去的推测 At present, there may be some problems. They might have lots of work to do now but I’m not sure. This might be done by Tom. Let’s speed up. They may be waiting for us. ⑶. 表示祝愿，用于倒装句。May＋主语＋动词原形。 May you succeed！ May he live to 100 years! May you have a good life！ ⑷. may／might as well＋V” It’s too late. You might as well not go. 3. Must ⑴ 表示说话人主观看法及强烈劝告“一定要必须”同have to,只用于现在或将来，但是have to表示客观条件环境迫使必须，可用于各种时态。mustn’t 表示禁止，用以告诉别人不要做什么。don’t have to和needn’t都是不必没有必要用以回答must提问的疑问句。 You must have a passport if you want to go aboard. You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night. I can’t se