昆明理工大学管理信息系统第三章课件汇总.pptVIP

* Summary Computing devices consists of hardware and software. 计算机设备由硬件和软件组成 General-purpose computers can run multiple programs; special-purpose computers, like those in cell phones, run only one program that is fixed in memory. 多用途计算机可以运行多种程序；但用途计算机，像手机只能运行固化在主存中的单一程序 Hardware can be categorized according to its primary functions: input, processing, output, and storage. 硬件根据它的基本功能分类：输入、处理、输出和存储硬件 Input hardware includes devices such as keyboards and mice. 输入硬件包括键盘、鼠标等 * Summary (Continued) Processing hardware includes the CPU and main memory. 处理硬件包括CPU和主存 Output devices are video displays, printers, and the like. 输出设备有显示器、打印机等 Storage devices include magnetic and optical disks. 存储设备包括磁盘和光盘 Computers use bits to represent data. 计算机比特来表示数据 A bit, or binary digit, has a value of zero or one. 一比特或二进制位代表0或者1 Bits are used to represent computer instructions and data. 比特用来表示计算机的指令和数据 * Summary (Continued) Four popular operating systems are Windows, Mac OS, Unix, and Linux. 四种常见的操作系统是Windows、 Mac OS、 Unix和Linux Computer software consists of the operating system and application software. 计算机软件由操作系统和应用程序软件组成 Software can be purchased off-the-rack, purchased off-the-rack and then altered, or tailor-made. 软件可以直接购买、购买后修改和自己开发等方式产生 Types of software include horizontal, vertical, and custom. 软件的类型包括横向、纵向和客户应用程序 Firmware is program code installed in read-only memory of printers or communications devices. 固件是安装在打印机或交换设备的只读存储器上程序编码 * Key Terms and Concepts Antivirus programs Application software ATA-100 Binary digit B2B (business-to-business) Bus Byte Cache memory CD-R CD-ROM CD-RW CRT monitor Central processing unit (CPU) Clock speed Custom software Data channel Dot pitch DVD-R DVD-ROM DVD-RW Firmware General-purpose computer Gigabyte (GB) Hardware * Key Terms and Concepts (Continued) Horizontal-market application Input hardware Intel instruction set Kilobyte (K) LCD moni