航线ATPAeromedicalFactors解答.ppt

* ROLL/PITCH/YAW SENSATIONS THROUGH SEMICIRCULAR CANALS DETECT ROLL/PITCH/YAW THROUGH FLUID-FILLED SEMICIRCULAR CANALS * DETECT GRAVITY AND LINEAR ACCELERATION STATIC POSITION DETERMINATION RELATIVE TO FORCE OF GRAVITY “WHAT’S UP?” SMALL BONE-LIKE WEIGHT RESTING ATOP NERVE FIBERS MOVES RELATIVE TO BODY TILT OR LINEAR ACCELERATION * 1. Classic “Seat of the Pants” sensations 2. Aids visual and vestibular systems. A secondary means of determining position 3. Nerves in skin, muscles, joints that sense pressure, pressure differentials; heat, cold. Can tell whether you’re sitting on a hot tin roof or are up to your ass in alligators. 4. Binaural hearing gives indication of your position relative to a sound source * NOW THAT WE’VE DISCUSSED SPATIAL ORIENTATION WE CAN NOW DISCUSS DIS-ORIENTATION * 1. HUMANS AREN’T BIRDS… EARTH-BOUND CREATURES. POSITION SENSING IS BASED ON BEING ON DECK 2. VESTIBULAR SYSTEM CAN TAKE OVER FROM VISION, AS LONG AS WE STAY ON DECK… CANNOT WORK IN FLIGHT… 178 SECONDS… PILOTS NEED VISION… VESTIBULAR/SOMATOSENSORY POSITION SENSATION CAN BACK UP VISION, BUT NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND 3. a. WHEN WE CAN NOT ACCURATELY DETERMINE OUR POSITION, WE BECOME DISORIENTED. b. SAME IS TRUE WHEN WE BECOME CONFUSED ABOUT OUR POSITION. * 1. VESTIBULAR/SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEMS PRONE TO BEING MESSED UP IN MANY WAYS SICKNESS - TRY GETTING OUT OF BED! DIZZINESS, NAUSEA SYMPTOMS- WHEN WE’RE DIZZY, OR SERIOUSLY DISORIENTED, THERE’S A PROFOUND EFFECT ON THE EYES (NYSTAGMUS) - MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO FOCUS! 2. DRUNK: THE ONLY WAY DRUNKS FUNCTION IS WHEN THEIR EYES ARE OPEN, BUT THEIR BALANCE IS DEFINITELY IMPAIRED. 3. UNFAMILIAR ENVIRONMENT CAN CREATE SENSORY ILLUSION CARNIVAL RIDES AEROBATICS EXTREME ACCELERATIONS OR POSITIONS DENIED VISUAL CUES (VMC to IMC, GYRO FAILURE) 4. SIMULATORS: DESIGNED TO FOOL THE SENSES! * 1. Less than 2 deg./sec. acceleration (bank rate) is not detectable. No