5 BEC Higher Unit 1 b.ppt

~ Strategic Planning (战略规划): The process by which an organization formulates and implements important decisions across different levels and functions of the organization. Organizations conduct Strategic Planning to formulate long-range goals and then to select activities to achieve each of those goals, ensuring that the organization is successful. As a strategic process, it provides the necessary organizational linkages necessary to control and support other processes including Strategic Training Planning, Operations Management, Strategic Marketing, Strategic Human Resource Planning, and Performance Measurement. Strategic Planning as a process includes development of Strategic Plans, Long-Range Plans and Action/Tactical Plans. A Strategic Plan, in a general sense, would include both the Strategic Plan and any Long-Range Plans, but would not include any Action/Tactical Plans (which are a part of Operations Management). Strategic Plans cover a period that typically extends from 5 - 10 years at a minimum, and Long-Range Plans typically cover the 1 -5 year period. ~ Top-Down Planning (由上而下的规划): An ineffective planning methodology, describing the approach taken when senior management alone conducts planning activities with little or no input from the rest of the organization. This approach typically is lacking in internal environmental information and analysis. ~ Top-Down / Bottom-Up Planning (由上而下/由下而上的规划): A best practiceapproach to organizational planning that draws upon the skills, strengths and knowledge of the entire organization. This approach maximizes planning effectiveness through the successful integration of both internal and external environmental information and analysis. ~ Transformational Change (转换式变革): One of three types of organizational change. The hierarchically highest of the three types of organizational change. Involves implementation of an evolutionary new state, which requires major and often on-going shifts in organizational strategy