introduction-to-wave论述.docVIP

Introduction to waves In physics, a wave front is the locus (a line, or, in a wave propagating in 3 dimensions, a surface) of points having the same phase. Transverse Wave: Note how the wave pattern definitely moves to the right. However any particular point (look at the blue one) just moves transversely (i.e., up and down) to the direction of the wave. Wave Velocity (Wave Phase Velocity): The wave velocity is defined as the wavelength divided by the time it takes a wavelength (green) to pass by a fixed point (blue). Wave-fronts are helpful for drawing pictures of interfering waves. A waves wave-fronts sweep along at the speed of light. A plane wave has flat wave-fronts throughout all space. It also has infinite energy. It doesn’t exist in reality. In Spherical Coordinate System In Cylindrical Coordinate System Harmonic cylindrical wave A perfect cylindrical wave The length of wave train of a single photon (波列长度) Light source λ0(nm) Δλ(nm) Τ L0 Cd Lamp 643.8 1.3*10-3 good 1.1ns 0.32m Kr Lamp 605.8 5.5*10-3 good 0.22ns 0.067m Hg Lamp 546.1 5 poor 0.2ps 60μm Ne Lamp 632.8 2.0*10-3 good 0.67ns 0.2m Incandescent Lamp 550 300 Very poor ~3fs ~1μm He-Ne Laser (CW) 632.8 ~1.3*10-3 good ~1ns 0.2~0.3m He-Ne Laser (Single Mode) 632.8 1.0*10-9 Very good 1.3ms 4*105 m 8 X