英文课件生态文明建设研讨.pptxVIP

演讲人：何柳萍;;air pollution;;The Greenhouse Effect ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????; Carbon dioxide plays an important role in warming the earth by trapping the sun‘s heat. This is known as the GREENHOUSE EFFECT. For millions of years the carbon cycle maintained a balance between the processes that add and those that take away carbon dioxide from the air. In modern times, people have upset this balance by burning vast amounts of fossil fuels, and so releasing excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Large areas of tropical rainforest have been destroyed, which in turn has reduced the amount of carbon dioxide used up by green plants during photosynthesis（光合作用）. This has resulted in an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air.; As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air increases, more heat energy is trapped. Less can escape out of the atmosphere and the average temperature of the earths surface gradually increases. Scientists are in doubt as to precisely how much temperatures will rise as a result of the continued emission of these gases. However, they argree that it could possibly cause severe changes in climate.;Alaska（阿拉斯加州） is collapsing as a result of global warming. ;Polar bears are in danger of extinction as a direct result of global warming ;Acid rain;When fossil fuels (gas, coal and oil) are burned, they produce sulphur dioxide. Nitrogen in（氮） the air is normally unreactive, but it reacts at high temperatures (such as inside a car engine) to form nitrogen oxides. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are toxic acidic gases which can cause chest and lung diseases. They react with rain water to form sulphurous（含有硫磺的）,nitric（含氮的） and nitrous acids（亚硝酸） which give rain a far greater acidity than normal. This is acid rain. Acid rain corrodes metals and the stonework of buildings and monuments. It can also cause harm by, for example, changing the pH of water in rivers and lakes. This, in turn, k