组织学与胚胎学 胚胎学2.pptVIP

Germ disc form and differentiate胚层的形成和分化;1、Development of the bilaminar germ disc （二胚层的形成,2w）： (1)二胚层胚盘 （bilaminar germ disc)。 上胚层（epiblast） 下胚层（hypoblast） 羊膜腔（amniotic cavity)， 卵黄囊(yolk sac)。 ;体蒂;(2)The amniotic cavity develops within the epiblast ;(3)The formation of the yolk sac（卵黄囊形成） ;下胚层形成次级卵黄囊;(4)The hypoblast gives rise to the extraembryonic endoderm that lines the primary yolk sac (5)The chorionic cavity is produced in conjunction with the development of the extraembryonic mesoderm (6) The definitive yolk sac is formed by a new wave of cells that migrate from the hypoblast and displace heuser’s membrane;2、三胚层的形成(第3周） (1)The primitive streak appears at the beginning of the third week(原条的出现,3w)原条 primitive streak 原结 primitive node 原凹 primitive pit 原沟 primitive groove;两胚层胚盘背面观;口咽膜;Significance：  The appearance of the primitive streak establishes the longitudinal axis and thus the bilateral symmetry of the future adult and decide embryo orientation 1.确定了中轴2.确定头尾方向 3.是胚体的组织中心;(2)The definitive endoderm（内胚层） and intraembryonic mesoderm（胚内中胚层） form through the primitive streak ;the ectoderm外胚层;The primitive streak retreats and disappears, and the caudal eminence gives rise to caudal structures of the body. （15-26day ） The mechanics of gastrulation are not well understood The fate of gastrulation epiblast cells can be predicted from their site of origin. Study method:Cell tracing and cell lineage（细胞系） studies;(3)The notochord(脊索)is produced by cells that ingress through the primitive node ;Primitive pot(原结） The Notochordal process（脊索突） the notochordal plate（脊索板） the notochord （脊索) ;意义：决定胚体中轴 诱导外胚层形成神经板 椎间盘中髓核。 The ultimate fate of the notochord is debated. Mesoderm is excluded from the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membrances. ;小结：胚胎发育：第一周：植入 第二周：二胚层 第三周：三胚层 ;四、三胚层的分化;Meningohydroencephalocele(脑积水脑膜脑突出） This anomaly may form through defective ossification of the occipi