4-1遗传物质的分子基础资料.ppt

遗传的分子基础;Proof of DNA as Genetic Material;Transformation转化 in Bacteria;Characteristics of S.pneumoniae肺炎(链)双球菌 Strains When Grown on Blood Agar Medium ; Reaction with Antiserum Prepared Against Type Type II S Type III S II R None None II S Agglutination凝集 None;DNA : the Transformation Material;The analytical tools Avery etc. used were the following: 1.Ultra- centrifugation超速离心 2. Electrophoresis电泳 3.Ultraviolet Absorption紫外吸收 4. Elementary Chemical Analysis化学元素分析 ;The Hershey-Chase Experiment;Proof of RNA as Genetic Material;;A variety of strains of tobacco mosaic virus tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) exist. Many strains cause distinctive symptoms on indicator plants;; ;Mixed particles, with RNA of one strain and protein of another, can also be formed. Mixed particles are infectious. Note the symptoms they produce (C). ;第二节 核酸的化学组成及结构分析;Nucleic Acid Chemistry;Johann Misecher ( 1844 – 1895 ) “ nuclein ”.;Ribonucleic acids ( RNA );核 糖 核 苷 酸;脱 氧 核 糖 核 苷 酸;核糖;;;尿苷;;脂质代谢;能量代谢;3’-5’磷酸二酯键;DNA Structure;Erwin Chargaff and Chargaff ’ rules A=T ; C≡G;The Double Helix;Watson and Crick ( 1953 );X-ray diffraction photograph of the B form of purified DNA fibers.;DNA双链构象改变因素： 1、核苷酸顺序 2、碱基组成 3、盐的种类 4、相对湿度 ;Tm ( melting temperature解链温度 );DNA紫外吸收;RNA;rRNA ( ribosomal RNA ) mRNA (messenger RNA ) tRNA ( transfer RNA ) snRNA ( small nuclear RNA ) antisense RNA telomerase RNA primer ( in vivo );;DNA的复制;Replication;The Meselson-Stahl experiment;Enzymology酶学 of DNA Replication;Helicase解旋酶 ( Strand Separation ) Single strand DNA-binding Proteins单链DNA结合蛋白 ( SSBs) Primerase引物酶 ( primer ) Ligase连接酶 Telomerase端粒酶 ;dCTP dTTP;电镜下显示的DNA的复制图象;环状双链DNA复制方式;滚环复制;D环复制