通过膜受体的信号传递课件.pptVIP

通过膜受体的信号传递途径;QUESTION; Cell signaling细胞信号传递: Cells use a variety of different receptor(受体） proteins to receive and respond to signals from the external environment . The binding of the signaling molecule（such as a hormone，growth factor，or neurotransmitter（激素、生长因子、神经递质等）） to the receptor results in a cascade of enzymatic reactions（级联酶促反应） inside the cell that constitutes the appropriate response to the signal. ;通过质膜受体及第二信使的信号传导(Ⅰ) Signal Transduction Through Plasma Membrane Receptor and Second Messenger(Ⅰ);（一） cAMP-蛋白激酶途径 cAMP-Proteinkinase Pathway ----（腺苷酸环化酶体系）adenylate cyclase system;信息传递简式：;Result changes in cAMP levels , activating target proteins such as protein kinase A（蛋白激酶A）. 改变cAMP浓度，激活蛋白激酶A ;1. 受体、G蛋白和腺苷酸环化酶  Receptor，G-Protein and Adenylate Cyclase ;Seven membrane-spanning α helics receptor;B. Trimeric G-Protein （三聚体G蛋白）;Receptor and The trimeric G-protein;GDP;Stimulatory G Protein(激活型G蛋白);Ri;2. cAMP和蛋白激酶A cAMP and Protein kinase A;;ATP;Protein kinase A(蛋白激酶A) : ;cAMP and Proteinkinase A ----Allosteric Regulation;蛋白激酶A的作用 ：;Amplification(molecules converted);（二） cGMP-蛋白激酶途径 cGMP-Proteinkinase pathway Some signal molecules use this pathway:  Insulin (胰岛素),  Atriopeptins (心房肽 )， Acetylcholine (乙酰胆碱)， Nitric oxide (NO)  … …;简 图;The Main Characteristic(主要特征)：;Cyclic GMP/ cGMP;;Summary;Summary; Question ;Drugs and Toxins That Affect this Cell Signaling Pathway;（三） Ca2+-依赖性蛋白激酶途径Calcium Ion –Dependent Protein Kinase Pathwey ; 打开Ca2+通道 激活 PKC;Phosphotidylinositol磷脂酰肌醇PI;;2. 磷脂酶C型G蛋白(PLC G-protein，Gp)的激活;3. 第二信使的作用;﹡ Ca2+ ：(1)Cooperate with DAG in activating PKC(蛋白激酶C)  配合DAG激活PKC(2)Activate CaM kinase pathway, in which calmodulin (钙调蛋 白)binds Ca2+,undergoes a change in conformation, and  activates CaM kinase. The kinase then phosphorylates  target enzymes, regulating their activities.  Ca2+-CaM is also a regu