托福教学材料课件.pptVIP

4．叙事鱼钩 the dramatic hook “叙事鱼钩”也是一种常见的文章开头，就是讲述一个具有戏剧性的故事或描述一个场景，以引发读者的兴趣。例如， 1 31题 Some people spend their entire lives in one place．Others move a number of times throughout their lives，looking for a better job，house，community, or even climate．Which do you prefer：staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion． 首段： It is not uncommon for siblings to represent both phenomena，some siblings spending their entire lives in one place，others moving around many times throughout the years．My elder brother and his wife have lived in the same house for 22 years whereas my younger brother and I have had to，and chosen to，move around more than a few times．There are three main reasons for this scenario． 上述段落使用了“叙事鱼钩”。作者叙述了自身经历，既紧扣问题又具有戏剧性。段落末句做了一个简单的主题陈述。 2 150题 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is bad for children．Use specific details and examples to support your answer． 首段： According to a 2005 study by an association of pediatricians，the overall negative effects of television on children outweigh the positive effects．This comes as no surprise to those of us who have seen the effects on children of more and more television watching． 上述段落使用了“叙事鱼钩”。作者首先叙述了一个研究的发现，然后由此引出主题陈述。 5．引语鱼钩 the quotation hook 使用“引语鱼钩”就是引用专家的话，或者使用谚语，前者增加讨论的可信性，后者也可以使讨论更具可信度，或者缩短读者与作者之间的距离。引用时要注意引文的准确性。如果记不清确切的作者，可以用一些含糊的说法：someone says that，they say that，people say that，it is said that等；如果记不清确切的原文，不加引号就可以了。例如， 1 173题 It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship．Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your answer． 首段： As Shakespeare put it，“Neither a borrower, nor a lender be；For loan oft loses both 综上所述，“漏斗鱼钩”、“问题鱼钩”与“驳斥鱼钩”适用范围广泛。而且，上面给出的首段适合做模版。语言方面，首段需要作者表达自己的意见与看法。这些意见与看法无对错之分，能晓之以理、动之以情就行。 6. 写作方法之如何写末段 末段强化阅卷人对文章的整体印象。《新托福考试官方指南》指出托福文章末段通常要完成下列任务： 1．讨论作者自己看法的重要性 2．以不同的措辞复述本文主题 即第一段末的主题陈述