2016年考博英语语法探析.doc

考博英语语法重点总结 独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装  一、独立主格特征 1.?充当句子的状语。 2.?有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 3.?名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+?分词 4.??With?+?名词?（代词）?+?分词?(形容词） 例：a)?It?being?raining,?I?decided?to?stay?at?home.  b)?Speech?having?been?delivered,?discussion?started.  c)?he?entered?the?room,?with?his?hands?open（holding?a?rifle). (1995)?45?cliffs?no?longer?crumbling,?the?beaches?are???46??of?the?material?which?would??47??feed?them.? 45.?A.?For????B.?As?????C.?With?????D.?Because? 练习：Do?what?you?need?to?do?to?keep?the?wolf?__7__?from?the?door,?the?world?__8__?your?thesis?adviser,?team?leader,?or?laboratory?director.?Then?use?the?rest?of?your?time,?perhaps?at?night?or?on?the?weekends,?to?do?__9__?you?really?want?to?do.? 8.?A.?is????B.?having???C.?being?????D.?be 二、虚拟语气 1.?（should）+动词原形  It?+be动词+形容词(-able)(essential,?odd,?vital,?absurd,?regrettable,?desirable…)+that从句  It?+be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句  It?+be动词+过去分词(ordered,?begged,?voted,?moved…)+that从句 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等)?+that从句 2.?It’s?(high,?about)?time?that?+动词过去式 ???would?rather?+动词过去式 (1997)?…?I?wouldn’t?be?truthful?if?I??47??say?that?teaching?is?hard?work?.?… ??47.?A.?do???B.?did???C.?don’t???D.?didn’t (1993)…The?Cairo?newspapers?the?next?day?carried?banner?headlines?about?the?student?demonstration??52?,?and?they???53??that?the?professor?be?sent?home.? ?53.?A.?ordered??B.?pleaded??C.?decided??D.?demanded Years?ago?the?experts?warned?us?that?the?car-ownership?explosion?would?demand?a?lot?more?give-and-take?from?all?road?users.?It?is?high?time?that?we__15__?this?message?to?heart.? 15.?A.?took??B.?would?take?C.?will?take?D.?should?take(2003.3)?It?is?edifying,?and?it?is?a?source?of?inner?satisfaction?even?__54__?other?facets?of?life?prove?disappointing.? (even?if?other?facets?of?life?should?prove?disappointing.) 54.A.?shall???B.will????C.would????D.should 三、非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 主动或被动。(doing/done,?to?do?/to?be?done) 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/?having?done?/having?been?done,?to?do/to?have?done?/to?have?been) To在