包材-包工111-刘克勤课程.docVIP

湖南工业大学本科毕业设计（论文） PAGE 34 PAGE 21 壳聚糖包覆氧化锌与聚乙烯醇复合材料的研究 摘要 以壳聚糖为壁材、氧化锌为芯材，采用乳化-固化法制备了壳聚糖包覆的氧化锌微胶囊，并将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合，得到PVA/氧化锌微胶囊复合膜。利用光学显微镜确定了制备微胶囊的最佳工艺参数，并考察了微胶囊用量对PVA复合膜性能的影响。结果表明：当壳聚糖用量为1.5%，乳化剂用量为1.5%，油/水相比为5:1，交联剂用量为20%，芯壁比为1:1时，可制备出成球效果较好的壳聚糖包覆的氧化锌微胶囊；氧化锌经壳聚糖包覆后可提高其与PVA的相容性，少量微胶囊的添加即可有效改善PVA复合膜的力学、阻隔等性能。但单独添加氧化锌与PVA复合用量超过1%时，复合膜的综合性能随着添加量的增加而出现明显的下降。而氧化锌在与壳聚糖包覆后添加到PVA中添加量可以达到1.5%而不会出现性能下降。 关键词：壳聚糖；壳聚糖/氧化锌微球；PVA；复合薄膜 ABSTRACT Taking chitosan as the wall material, ZnO as the core material, ZnO microcapsules enveloped by chitosan were prepared using emulsification-curing method, and applied to the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/microencapsulated ZnO composite films. The optimum process parameters for the preparation of microcapsules were obtained by means of optical microscope (OM), and the influences of microcapsule content on performances of PVA composite films were also investigated. The results show that: when the contents of chitosan, emulsi?er and crosslinking agent are 1.5%, 1.5%, 20%, and the ratios of oil-water and core-wall are 5:1, 1:1 respectively, smooth ZnO microcapsules enveloped by chitosan can be prepared. Microencapsulation of ZnO can increase the compatibility of ZnO with PVA. The addition of a small amount of microcapsules can improve the performances of PVA effectively, such as mechanics properties, barrier properties, and so on. But added separately the amount of zinc oxide compound with PVA exceeds 1%, with the overall performance of the composite membrane and the added amount of significant decline. The zinc oxide in the coating of chitosan added to the PVA can be added to the amount of 1.5% without performance degradation. Keywords: Chitosan; Chitosan /?Zinc Oxide?microspheres; PVA; Composite film 第1章 绪论 果蔬保鲜膜的研究是目前比较热门的一个方向，由于水果蔬菜是人们重要的维生素、矿物质和纤维的主要来源。但水果蔬菜的高含水量同时也极易腐败，不经过处理很难长时间的储藏，从而造成了巨大的浪费。目前市场的水果蔬菜保鲜的方法中气调保鲜应用的最为广泛，气调保鲜主要是通过置换包装内的空气已达到控制气体比例来储藏保鲜，针对不同的水果蔬菜采用不同的比例的混合气体，但工艺技术复杂，材料要求较高，目前在我国难以实现大规模的应用。而目前应用于果蔬保鲜的PVA以其水溶性