机械专业英语中文翻译汇总.docVIP

机械专业英语中文翻译 stress and strain 应力与应变 In any engineering structure工程结构 the individual components独立构件 or members will （be subjected to）受到，被附加 external forces外力 arising from由。。引起 the service conditions工作环境 or environment in which the component works. 在任何的工程结构中，每个零件，构件将会受到来自工作环境的外力的作用。 If the component or member is in equilibrium平衡, the resultant合力 of the external forces外力 will be zero but, nevertheless不然的话, they together place a load on the member which tends to deform使变形 that member and which must be reacted作用 by internal forces内力 set up within the material由材料提供. 如果这构件是处于平衡状态的话，外力的合力是为零。但是他们必须由材料提供的内力来平衡。 There are a number of different ways in which load负载 can be applied作用to a member. Loads may be classified分类 with respect to time: 负载作用于构件有许多的??式。相对于时间可以将负载分类为： (a) A static静态 load负载 is a gradually逐渐 applied作用 load for which equilibrium is reached in a relatively相对 short time. 静态负载是逐渐作用的可以在相对较短的时间内达到平衡的负载。 (b)A sustained load持续载荷 is a load that is constant维持不变 over a long period of很 time, such as the weight of a structure构件重力. This type of load is treated处理，对待 in the same manner as a static load静态载荷; However for some materials对一些材料， and conditions of temperature and stress, the resistance抵抗力 to failure may be different under short time loading and under long time loading. 持续载荷是可以维持很长时间不变的载荷。比如构件的重力。这种类型的载荷和静态载荷是同样的处理方法。但是对于某种材料，在某些特定的温度和外部压力的作用下，构件抵抗失效的能力是不同的。 (c) An impact冲击 load is a rapidly很快的迅速的 applied load (an energy load). Vibration震动 normally results from an impact load, and equilibrium平衡 is not established确定 until the vibration振动 is eliminated消除, usually by natural damping forces阻尼力. 冲击载荷是一种快速作用的载荷。振动常常是有冲击载荷引起。在振动被消除之前，平衡是很难稳定的。而消除振动的一半都是靠阻力。 (d) A repeated load重复载荷 is a load that is applied作用 and removed移动 many thousands of times. 持续作用很多次，移动很多次的载荷称为持续载荷。 (e) A fatigue or alternating load交变载荷 is a load whose magnitude and sign are changed with time. 狡辩载荷是大小和符号都在不断变化的载荷。 It has been noted above that external force applied to a body in equilibrium is reacted