苯-甲苯筛板精馏塔的设计研究报告.docVIP

大连大学 课程设计说明书 作 者: XX 学 号： XXXXXX 系 院 : 环境与化学工程学院 专 业: 过程装备与控制工程 题 目: 苯-甲苯筛板精馏塔的设计 指导者：张晓琳 2015 年 7 月 化工原理课程设计说明书中文摘要 精馏是利用混合液中组分挥发度的差异，实现组分高纯度分离的多级蒸馏操作，即同时实现多次部分汽化和部分冷凝的过程。实现精馏操作的主体设备是精馏塔。 塔设备是能够实现蒸馏的气液传质设备，广泛应用于化工、石油化工、石油等工业中，其结构形式基本上可以分为板式塔和填料塔两大类。 我国石油工业具有一定的水平，但还是一个发展中的国家,摆在我们石油工作者面前的任务是繁重的。因此必须坚持独立自主、自力更生，革新挖潜，全面提高，综合利用，大搞化工原料，赶超世界先进水平。 关键词 ：精馏塔 塔板 苯—甲苯 塔板负荷 设计条件： 进料量 F 160 kmol/h 进料组成 0.55 （摩尔分率） 进料温度 tF 泡点温度 产品要求 96% 回收率 94% 设计内容: 1、精馏塔的物料衡算； 2、塔板数、压降的计算； 3、精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算； 4、精馏塔的相关工艺尺寸计算； 5、绘制精馏塔设计条件图。 目 录 1. 引言·························································· 6 1.1 塔设备的分类···················································6 1.2 塔设备在化工生产中的作用和地位 ·······························6 1.3 设计条件····················································· 6 1.4 问题研究 ·····················································6 2. 板式塔的设计 ·················································6 2．1 工业生产对塔板的要求 2.2 设计方案的确定 ················································7 2.2.2 操作压力的选择 ··············································7 2.2.3 进料热状况的选择 ············································7 2.2.4 加热方式的选择 ··············································7 2.2.5 回流比的选择 ················································7 3 工艺流程图 ······················································7 4. 工艺计算及主体设备的计算·······································8 4.1 精馏塔的物料衡算··············································8 4.1.1 原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的摩尔分率·····························8 4.1.2 原料液及塔顶、塔底产品的平均摩尔质量·························8 4.1. 3 物料衡算···········································8 4.2 塔板数的确定 ··················································9 4.2.1 理论板层数NT的求取········································9 4.2.2 实际板层数的求解 ···········································9 4.3 精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据计算 ···························9 4.3.1 操作压力的计算··············································10 4.3.2 操作温度计算················································11 4.3.3 平衡摩尔质量的计算·························