2016教师资格笔试备考英语语言学高频考点解析.docVIP

2016教师资格笔试备考：英语语言学高频考点解析 2016年01月13日 13:40:41 来源：宁夏中公教育 一、语言学概述之高频考点 I. Design Features of Language 1. Arbitrariness Arbitrariness means a word’s sound and meaning which have no logical relations. “爱”用英语表达为“love”;用法语表达为“amour”;用日语表达为“愛”。 2. Duality Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, one of sounds, and the other of words. 语言是由低级结构的语音和高级结构的词组成的系统，如[b]，[i]，[t]，单独来看，这三个音素都没有意义，但是当它们组合在一起就有了意义[bit] bit 。 3. Creativity Language can be used to create new meanings due to its duality and recursiveness. 由于语言的双重性和递归性，说话者可以创造出从未听说过或从未使用过的句子。 I want to visit Mary who lives in a country where the scenery is beautiful which has attracted so many tourists… 4. Displacement Language can be used to refer to things that are not present: real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future or in faraway places. 人们可以使用语言符号表述在时间上或空间上不可及的物体、时间或观点。 5. Cultural transmission On one hand, it means humans are born with the capacity to acquire human language. On the other hand, humans acquire language through teaching and learning. 人类语言依靠文化或习俗传统得以代代相传，语言知识必须要通过学习才可获得。 6. Interchangeability It means anyone can be the producer and receiver of the language. 人类的语言没有性别和年龄的障碍，人们可以想到理解对方所说的内容。 II. Functions of Language 1. Informative function Language is used to convey information. 例如：在摄氏零度时，水会开始结冰 标准大气压下 。 2. Interpersonal function It is concerned with the interaction between the speaker and hearer in the discourse. 人际功能主要涉及说话者和听话者之间在话语情景中的互动和说话者对他所说或所写的事情的情感与态度。 3. Performative function It means speech can be used to do things. 在婚礼上，主持人说：“现在我宣布你们正式结为夫妻。” 4. Emotive function It uses language to create certain feelings in the hearer. 例如：“天啊”。 5. Phatic function It means that language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact. 问候语和告别语等都属于寒暄功能。 6. Recreational function Language is used to create entertainment. 儿童的语言游戏，成年人吟诗，唱歌曲都属于娱乐功能。 7. Metalingual function Language is used to explain itself. 数学中的1很难定义，相比之下，2和3就可以借助于1来定义，语言用于谈论和研究语言本身时，则行使元语言