第6章 英汉翻译中词类转换法.pptVIP

第六章 英汉翻译中的词类转换法 6.0 引例 Exchange of ideas is a constant and vital necessity. 思想交流是一种经常的和极其重要的必需。 思想交流是经常而极端需要的。 思想交流应经常进行，也是必须的。 思想交流有必要经常进行。 有必要经常进行思想交流。 Nominalization in English and Verbalization in Chinese English English sentence contains no more than one predicate verbs in that predicate verbs in sentences are confined by many grammatical rules. Meanwhile, nouns which are originated from verbs also indicate movements, actions, changes, sensations,state, etc. Compared with verbs, they are less marked and more flexibly placed in a sentence. Nominalization is a predominant feature in English. Preponderance of nouns over verbs Nominalization in English and Verbalization in Chinese Chinese In Chinese, verbs are unmarked and less confined so that clusters of verbs are used to express an event in one sentence. A frequent use of verbs is predominant in Chinese sentences. 6.1 转译成动词 英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如： He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。 汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。 6.1.1 名词转译成动词 1）由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。 The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli’s right to exist. 1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 The mastery of a foreign language is difficult and requires painstaking effort. 要学好一门外语是不容易的，非下苦功夫不可。 After some hesitation, he asked if I would arrange for him to be cremated after his death and then have his ashes sattered into the ocean. 犹豫了一番之后，他问我是否愿意在他死后将他火化并将骨灰洒入大海。 2）含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。 A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memor