高二动词不定式和动名词学案.docVIP

动词不定式不定式1) 动词+宾语+不定式的结构： advise allow cause challenge command drive enable encourage forbid force induce instruct invite like/love order make let have want get persuade request send tell train 例如Father will not allow us to play on the street. The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。[来源:学科网注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去：consider find believe think declare guess judge imagine know appoint 例如：We believe him to be） guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered ____________ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：C. 3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如： believe expect intend like love prefer want wish understand mean 例如： We didnt expect there to be so many people there. You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 2. 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. Its very kind of you to help us. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 3. Its for sb.和 Its of sb. 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： Its very hard for him to study two languages.2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如： Its very nice of you to help me. 用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法： 用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如： You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。 He is hard. (非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。) 4. 不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor. 5. 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： I have a lot of work to do. There was nothing to bring home that morning. 6. 不定式作状语 1)目的状语 常用结构为to doonly to do(仅仅为了)in order to do，so as to do，so(such)… as to…(如此…以便…)。例如： He ran s