shipment.docVIP

Introduction (概述) ????Transport plays an important part in international business because goods by seller have to be delivered to the buyer abroad, and the delivery of goods is to be made possible by transport services. Goods are carried by several means of conveyance----on road or rail, by sea or air. And in recent years, combined transport which is a road-sea-rail carriage appeared. ? As, basically, some 98% of world trade are conveyed by sea transport we lay an emphasis on sea transport in this chapter. And in recent years a new type of carriage appeared, called container transport ( cargo are transported by container ships.) ? Usually there are three parties involved in most movements of goods, the consignor, the carrier and the consignee. ? When goods are transported by road, rail or air, the contract of carriage takes the form of a Consignment Note or Air Way Bill. In sea transport, chartering of ships of booking shipping space is involved. And the contract entered into between the ship-owner and the shipper may take the form of either a Charter Party or Bill of Lading. ? Shipment covers rather a wide range of work, such as: 1) Buyers sending Shipment Instructions; 2) Sellers sending Shipping Advice; 3) Booking shipping space; 4) Chartering ships; 5) Appointing shipping agent; 6) Arranging shipment; 7) Nomination of vessels, etc. ? In making a single shipment by liner, the first step is to ascertain the rate. The quotation of a rate for a certain commodity constitutes an offer on the part of the carrier. If the shipper wishes to make this rate binding, he must accept the proposal promptly at the rate quoted. The carrier then reserves the required space and delivers to the shipper or his agent a shipping permit (shipping order). This permit is addressed to the receiving clerk at the dock. When the goods are delivered to the dock, the shipping permit is exchanged for a dock receipt or a mates receipt, which is a brief statement from the carriers represen