我国公共服务领域特许经营的应用问题与对策研究.pdfVIP

我国公共服务领域特许经营的应用问题及对策研究 摘要 20 世纪80 年代以来，随着市场经济的不断发展，为满足公众日益增长的公 共服务需求，我国公共服务领域开始了轰轰烈烈的市场化改革，特许经营作为市 场化的一种有效形式一直备受关注。经过30 多年的实践，特许经营的优势逐渐 显现出来，它有利于解决政府对公共服务投资不足的困难，通过筹集外资、社会 闲散资金等，给公共服务注入了新的发展动力；有利于改善公共服务的质量，将 公共服务的经营权交给企业，企业为了盈利的目的，通过改进技术等方式不断优 化公共服务，促进公共服务不断改良；有利于减轻政府的负担，将一部分本应由 市场负责却由政府负责的公共服务还给市场，政府将更多的精力和物力投入到其 它应当负责的领域当中，符合当前精简政府职能的大趋势。但公共服务领域特许 经营的应用也存在一些问题，其根源是企业的目标始终是“追求利润最大化”， 而公共服务的最大特点则是“公益性”，将公共服务的经营权交由企业掌管，二 者之间的矛盾也随之突出。如何在企业的“盈利性”和公共服务的“公益性”之 间寻找平衡点，是特许经营实践的最大难点。就我国目前的形势来看，通过完善 特许经营的法律、制度环境来规避特许经营带来的风险，例如加强政府对特许经 营过程的监督、建立完备的特许经营法律体系、完善信息公开披露制度等，在市 场经济发展不充分、特许经营发展也有待完善的阶段，是最大的可行性方案。 关键词：特许经营；公共服务；对策 Research on Concession Application Problems Countermeasures in the Field of Public Service in China Abstract Since the 1980s, in order to satisfy the publics growing demand of public service, a vigorous market reform has been began with the continuous development of market economy. And as an effective form, concession has been closely watched.After 30 years of practice, the advantage of the concession gradually revealed. Firstly, raised by foreign capital, the social idle funds, etc., injected new momentum for the public service, it is helpful to solve the difficulty of insufficient government investment in public services. Secondly, send the management right of public services to enterprises, whose purpose is profit maximization, will optimize the public service by improving the technology constantly. Thirdly, it is beneficial to Reduce the burden of the government who can put more effort and resources into other fields.And at the same time, there are some problems, the root of which is contradiction between profit maximization which is purpose of enterprises and public welfare which is the most prominent featur