不同填闲模式对设施黄瓜土壤生态环境的影响要点.doc

摘 要 在设施内集约化的种植体系中，传统的连作以及简单的轮作主要依赖于大量农药和化肥的使用，但由此造成了温室土壤质量的下降及蔬菜生长障碍等一系列问题，从而导致蔬菜产量的下降。如何控制园艺设施内土壤质量的退化，改善并维持设施内土壤的功能，从而使设施蔬菜生产实现可持续发展是目前设施生产急需解决的难题。作为设施内主栽作物之一的黄瓜（Cucumis Sativas L.），其连作现象近些年越发加剧并已引起诸多学者的注意。 本文以温室连作3年的黄瓜土壤为研究对象，以黄瓜作为主栽作物，青葱、小麦、油菜作为不同季节的填闲作物进行为期两年油菜作为不同季节的填闲作物进行为期2年4茬的盆栽试验，综上所述，不同填闲模式对日光温室黄瓜的生长、土壤理化性状及土壤微生物环境均产生一定影响，改变了土壤环境。其中，夏季填闲小麦能保持相对较高的土壤酶活性、土壤微生物群落结构多样性及细菌数量，同时降低土壤中Fusarium菌的数量，保持相对较低的土壤EC值，避免土壤酸化。因此，夏季填闲小麦较冬季填闲青葱和油菜更有利于温室黄瓜土壤的健康保持。 关键词:黄瓜；填闲模式；微生物群落；细菌 Abstract In the intensive facility planting system, the traditional continues cropping and simple rotation mainly rely on the use of pesticides and fertilizers with large input, but this may cause series of problems such as soil degradation and brought obstacles to plant growth, which lead to the decrease of vegetable yield. How to prevent and control the soil function degradation，improve soil quality and realize the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetable production becomes an issue demanded be solved. Cumber (Cucumis Sativas L.) is one of the major vegetable production cultivated species, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle has been increasingly serious and attract the attention of a large number of researchers. Overall, all cover modes had a certain impact on cucumber growth, soil nutrient condition and soil microbial environment, and changedthe soil environment. Among them, cover wheat in summer could maintain relatively higher soil enzyme activities and soil microbial community diversities, reduced the number of Fusarium at the same time, and remained relatively low soil EC, avoid soil acidification. Therefore, cover wheat in summer has more advantageous to maintain the soil health of cucumber in greenhouse than cover scallions and rape in winter. Key words：Cucumber; Cover mode; microbial community 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 目 录 III 1 引 言 1 1.1 研究的目的与意义 1 1.2 国内外研究进展 1 1.2.1 设施蔬菜生产中发生连作障碍的主要原因 1 1.2.2 土壤微生物群落的变化与连作障碍 2 1.2.3 轮作、间套作控制设施连作障碍的研究进展 2 2 材料与方法 3 2