languageawareness非人称转述结构导论.ppt

Impersonal Report Structures 非人称转述结构 非人称转述结构 一、概述 当转述人们的一般认识或说的话时，常用这 样的结构： It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。 常用于这一结构的动词有： predict, say, know, believe, think, claim(声称), suppose(认为,猜想), fear(恐怕,担忧)等，这一 结构称为非人称转述结构。 二、用法 (1)“It ＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”可以变为 “People＋动词＋that从句” 和 “Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”两种形式。 例：人们说乔治会把他的基因传给新一代。 →It is said that George will pass on his genes to a new generation. →People say that George will pass on his genes to a new generation. →George is said to pass on his genes to a new generation. 非人称转述结构 非人称转述结构 (2009·全国卷Ⅱ) It is often _______ that human beings are naturally equipped to (具备…) speak. A. said　 B. to say C. saying D. being said 解析：选A。考查固定句式。句式It is often said that...表示“据说……；人们常说……”。It为形式主语，指代that从句。句意：人们常说，人天生具有语言能力。 非人称转述结构 用不定式结构应注意以下两点： 1)主谓一致 污染被认为是一个非常严重的问题。 It is thought that pollution is a very serious problem. →Pollution is thought to be a very serious problem. 据说海豚是非常友好的动物。 It is said that dolphins are very friendly animals. →Dolphins are said to be very friendly animals. 非人称转述结构 2)不定式的时态 (1)如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间/还未发生，用不定式的一般式(to do )。 据说他是这家公司的经理。 It is said that he is the manager of the company. →He is said to be the manager of the company. 他们恐怕会放弃。 It was feared that they would give up. →They were feared to give up. 非人称转述结构 (2)如果转述的动作此时正在发生，用不定式的进行时(to be doing)。 据报道警察正在调查(look into)这起案件。 It is reported that the police are looking into this case. →The police are reported to be looking into this case. 非人称转述结构 (3)如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，则用不定式的完成式(to have done)。 人们猜想那架飞机被劫持(hijack)了。 It is supposed that the plane was hijacked. →The plane is supposed to have been hijacked. 人们知道那个小偷已经被逮捕了。 It is known that the thief has been arrested. →The thief is known to have been arrested. 非人称转述结构 (2007·辽宁)The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of (看见) Liu Xiang, who was reported ________ the world record (破世界纪录) in the 110-meter hurdle race.