6.1 毛细管流变仪.ppt

High Pressure Capillary Rheometry 1 Introduction Polymers are used because: They are cheap to form into shape in molten state Therefore, We need to understand how they flow when molten also important in: food processing, pharmaceuticals, paints, inks, pastes, slurries etc... Very important in Polymer Processing But, molten polymers are complicated systems... Temperature dependent Rate dependent Time dependent Work dependent (and that’s before we add lubricants, fillers, plasticisers, foaming agents etc…!) In between a liquid and a solid Influences on Viscosity molecular structure of sample temperature pressure time shear rate Shear viscosity definition t - shear stress ? ? - shear viscosity Viscosity is a measure of resistance of a fluid against the applied shear force. Shear viscosity is only one part of Rheology. It is the dominant effect for pressure in extruders, injection moulding machines and dies. Typical process shear rates Relaxation Coating Free surface Mixing Extrusion Injection moulding Why do we need a high-pressure capillary rheometer? The application is important log ?/s-1 Viscosities: (low-), middle- to high-viscous Quantities: Shear- and extensional viscosity, wall slip  relaxation, PVT, Flow instabilities Viscosities: low viscous to solid-like Quantities: Shear viscosity, yield, viscoelastic properties, relaxation etc. Non-destructive Oscillarory shear rot. rheometer: structural/low shear measurements – high-pressure capillary: processing flow behaviour 2.Structure 2.16kg Single point test (generates one number) MFI die (2.095mm diameter) Defined by standards (ISO1133) Simple Cheap Easy to use Pressure driven Melt Flow Indexer (MFI) Melt Flow Indexer (MFI) Single point test Does not generate engineering units - (grams per 10 minutes) Mainly a shear flow measurement - neglects extension Very low shear rate test (?app = 2.4 MFI) But, Typical process shear rates Relaxa