Chapter4Conversion(转化)精编.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Conversion ( 转换） 英汉两种语言在语法，思维和表达习惯上差异，需要改变词语词类或句子成分，如名词化问题。 Tom is a lover of nature . 句子成分转换 所谓句子成分转换的译法，是把句子的某一成分（如主语）译成另一成分（如宾语等）。在多数的情况下，词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译。 表层结构（具体的外在形式） 深层结构（存在于人脑中的逻辑意念） 表层结构 表层结构 深层结构 深层结构 原文 译文 理解 表达 语义对应 4.1 词类转换 It is necessary to study and have a good mastery of these laws. 必须研究和很好地掌握这些定律。 Increased accuracy usually requires improved measurement techniques or devices. 要提高精度，通常需要改进测量方法或改进量具。 The acceleration of gravity should decrease with increasing distance from the center of the earth. 重力加速度应随离地心距离的增加而降低。 Capacitance is the charge of a capacitor divided by the voltage across it. 电容量等于电容器上的电荷除以其两端的电压。 The analysis can lead to increased conversion efficiency and reduced weight. 这种分析有助于提高效率及减轻重量。 4.1.1 Conversion into Chinese verbs 4.1.1.1 N---V A brief qualitative discussion of some basic concepts is presented in this paper. 本文简要定性地讨论了一些基本概念。 A familiarity with such reduction techniques is desirable for digital designers. 数字电路设计人员最好熟悉这种简化技巧。 Basic to understanding the binary number system is a familiarity with the powers of 2. 理解二进制数字系统的关键是要熟悉2的次幂。 Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes, which is marked by a rise in blood sugar as a result of a short supply of insulin in the body. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病，这种病的特征是由于体内胰岛素分泌不足而引起血糖上升。 A reduction in condensation is achieved by the use of steam jackets. 使用蒸汽夹套可减少冷凝作用。 Reversing the direction of the current reverses the directions of its lines of force. 倒转电流的方向也就倒转了它的磁力线的方向。 4.1.1.2 prep --- V It is the net force on object that causes acceleration. 正是作用在物体上的净力引起了加速度。 Machine parts of irregular shape can be washed very clean by ultrasonic. 采用超生波能把形状不规则的机件洗得干净。 As will be explained in Chapter 21, the body has natural defenses against these organisms. 正如第21章将要说明的那样，人体具有抵抗这些生物体的自然能力。 It is necessary to solve this equation for x. 必须解这个方程求出X的值。 For many years, stainless steel had been used for small things only. 过去许多年中，不锈钢仅仅用于制造小物件。 4.1.1.3 adj --- v It is possible for us to reduce this eq