书面语语法及教学相对独立性.docVIP

书面语语法及教学的相对独立性* An independent grammar for written Chinese in second Language Teaching 冯胜利 堪萨斯大学东亚语言文化系 2002/8/30 提要：本文旨在提出现代汉语书面语语法的独立性：它既区别于文言，也不同于口语，而是一种相对独立的语法体系。本文不拟也不可能穷尽这一体系的全部内容，然而，如果文中所发掘的现象属实、所提出的分析合理的话，那么，无论书面语的研究还是书面语的教学（第一及第二语言）都应具有相对于口语和文言的独立性。 Abstract: It has been commonly observed that people who study Chinese as a foreign language have poor professional business writing skills, though they show great improvement in reading, listening and speaking after years of studying in China. (China Daily, July 23, 2002). An important reason for the poor professional writing skills is due to the fact that, as proposed in this paper, the written language has an independent grammar from the spoken language in modern Chinese. It can be further argued that there are phrasal structures and syntactic operations that cannot be used in oral speech if they are formed by the written grammar. It can be also shown that the morph-syntactic operations of the written grammar are different from those of the spoken grammar. As a result, the grammar of written Chinese must be considered an independent system from both the modern spoken Chinese and the classical literary Chinese. Finally, if this analysis is proven true, the curriculum of teaching Chinese as a second language and the theory of modern Chinese grammar should all be seriously reconsidered. 关键词：书面语法、句法自由韵律黏着、古词必双而后独立，韵律语法 Grammar of written Chinese, Syntactically-free-but-prosodically-bound, The foot-based-independence of classical word, Prosodic Grammar ０．引言 在当前国际对外汉语教学中，书面语的教学一直是一个“攻坚堡垒”。Peter Kupfur在北京语言文化大学举办的2002年中文教学发展国际研讨会（7月21-31日）上说： “Most of the people who study Chinese as foreign language have poor professional business writing skills, though they have improved a lot in reading, listening and speaking after years of studying in China.” —— China Daily, July 23, 2002. 这里的“professional business writing skills”应当包括所有专业的写作能力和技巧。无疑，这个问题已然成为我们教学与研究迫在眉睫的重要问题。导致问题的原因固然很多，解决问题的方法也必然不少，然而，这里想要