遗传学课程习题集要点.docVIP

《遗传学》习题集 绪论 遗传的细胞学基础 遗传学名词解释 原核细胞prokaryotic cell 真核细胞eukaryotic cell 染色体chromosome 姊妹染色单体sister chromatid 同源染色体homologous chromosome 染色体组genome 二价体bivalent 联会synapsis 超数染色体supernumerary chromosome 联会复合体synaptonemal complex 反应规范reaction norm 交叉的端化terminalization 受精fertilization 双受精double fertilization 胚乳直感xenia 果实直感metaxenia 无融合生殖apomixis 细胞周期cell cycle 无性生殖asexual reproduction 染色体组型karyotype 简答题 1. Discuss the concepts of homologous chromosomes, diploidy, and haploidy. What characteristics are shared between two chromosomes considered to be homologous? 2. Describe the events that characterize each stage of mitosis. 3. If an organism has a diploid number of 16, how many chromatids are visible at the end of mitotic prophase? How many chromosomes are moving to each pole during anaphase of mitosis? 4. Describe how chromosomes are named on the basis of their centromere placement. 5. What checkpoints occur in the cell cycle? What is the role of each? 6. Contrast the end results of meiosis with those of mitosis. 7. Define and discuss these terms: (a) synapsis, (b) bivalents, (c) chiasmata, (d) crossing over, (e) chromomeres, (f) sister chromatids, (g) tetrads, (h) dyads, (i) monads. 8. An organism has a diploid number of 16 in a primary oocyte. (a) How many tetrads are present in the first meiotic prophase? (b) How many dyads are present in the second meiotic prophase? (c) How many monads migrate to each pole during the second meiotic anaphase? 9. Contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. What is the significance of the formation of polar bodies? 10. Explain why meiosis leads to significant genetic variation while mitosis does not. 11. Describe the role of meiosis in the life cycle of a vascular plant. 12. How are giant polytene chromosomes formed? 13. If a human nucleus is 10μm in diameter, and it must hold as much as 2 m of DNA, which is complexed into nucleosomes that during full extension are 11 nm in diameter, what percentage of t