Chapter 2 Phonology(音韵学)研讨.ppt

Chapter 2 Phonology(音韵学) Speakers:麦柔星/禤俊宜 PPT makers:曾瑜琳/李晓曼 2.1 The phonic medium of language(语言的声音媒介) Linguists are concerned only with those sounds that are produced by humans through their speech organs. These sounds are limited in number. This limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication constitute the phonic medium of language, and the individual sounds within this range are the speech sounds. 2.2 Phonetics(语音学) 2.2.1 What is phonetics? Phonetics is defined as the of the phonic medium of language.It is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages. Three branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics(发音语音学), auditory phonetics （听觉语音学）and acoustic phonetics （声学语音学）respectively. 2.2.2 Organs of speech The pharyngeal cavity (咽腔)--- the throat The oral cavity （口腔）--- the mouth The nasal cavity（鼻腔） --- the nose 2.2.3 Orthographic representation of speech sounds---broad and narrow transcriptions(语音的正字标音法---宽式标音法和严式标音法 ) There are two ways to transcribe(转录) speech sounds. One is the transcription（标音法） with letter-symbols only. This is called broad transcription. (it is normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.) The other is the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics（变音符号）. This is called narrow transcription. (it is really the transcription required and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.) 2.2.4 Classification of English speech sounds vowels(元音) consonants（辅音） 2.2.4.1 Classification of English consonants Manner of articulation（发音方式） stops(爆破音), fricatives(擦音), affricates(塞擦音), liquids(流音), nasals(鼻音)and glides(滑音). Place of articulation(发音部位) bilabial（双唇音）, labiodental（唇齿音）, dental（齿音）, alveolar（齿痕音）, palatal（腭音）, velar（软腭音）and glottal（喉音）. 2.2.4.2 Classification of English vowels front vowels （前元音） central vowels（中元音） back vowels. （后元音） So far we have been classifying the individual vowels, also known as Monophthongs 单元