03SolarSystem太阳系研讨.pptVIP

太阳的归宿 红巨星——白矮星——黑矮星 The end * Sun does rotate. But since the Sun is made of gas, different parts of it rotate at different speeds. Near the Suns equator, it completes one rotation every 27 Earth days. But near the poles, its about 31 Earth days. This is called differential rotation. When a typical comet approaches the Sun it takes on a characteristic appearance. The icy material in the nucleus warms up and begins to evaporate. A tenuous cloud of gas and dust - the coma - forms which can extend millions of km from the nucleus. Transparent tails become visible; the gas or ion tail is composed of gases broken apart by the Suns ultraviolet radiation into electrically charged molecules and ions. It emits light through fluorescence and is swept back by the magnetic fields associated with the solar wind, pointing directly away from the Sun. The dust tail is created as radiation pressure from the Sun pushes dust particles away from the nucleus. It shines by reflected sunlight and curves away from the comet, pointing away from the Sun. Cometary tails can often be as long as 100 million km. The gas tail has a blue colour whereas the dust tail often appears yellow. .hk/imgres?imgurl=http://certificate.ulo.ucl.ac.uk/modules/year_one/ROG/comets_meteors_meteorites/conWebDoc.13857_files/Comet-structure.gifimgrefurl=http://certificate.ulo.ucl.ac.uk/modules/year_one/ROG/comets_meteors_meteorites/conWebDoc.13857.htmlh=251w=389sz=8tbnid=ypzJR9QvHXDLhM:tbnh=88tbnw=137prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcomet%2Bstructure%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Duzoom=1q=comet+structureusg=__SWRONHxwnmULBDRLPheEL9EsvV4=hl=zh-Hans-HKsa=Xei=JaqtULniKY_jrAfVtYHwDwved=0CBsQ9QEwAA * 第三讲 太阳系 ？人类从地心说到日心说的认识转变历程 ？太阳系各种天体的特征 ？太阳系的起源 ？太阳系的归宿 一、 太阳系的发现 P43 从地心说到日心说 ——人类认识转变的艰难历程 Giordano Bruno Nicolas Copernicus Ptolemy Aristotle Hipparchus Aristarchus Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Johannes Kepler ——如何解释行星的视运动（逆行）？ 地心说or日心说？ 观测事实检验 地心体系图示： 日心体系图示： 水 金 火 木 土 恒星天 月 水 金 日 火 木 土 恒 原动天 Mars Retrograde [NASA] 2003 P45,Fig.2-16 Ptolemy