2015新版英文《国际物流与经营管理》-第4章-进入海外市场的方法研讨.pptVIP

Licensing * British Firm Indian Firm British Consumers Indian Consumers Licensing Agreement Franchising * Franchising is similar to licensing but involves a “bundle” of intellectual property items. A firm (franchisor) will allow an entire business model to be used by another firm (franchisee) in exchange for royalties. The intellectual property includes a large number of related trademarks, copyrights, patents and know-how, training, and methods of operation. Franchising works best for retail establishments requiring a uniform appearance for consumers, and is most popular with fast-food restaurants, such as McDonald’s or KFC. Franchising * American Franchisor Chinese Investors Chinese Franchisee Chinese Consumers Chinese investors provide capital and the American firm provides intellectual property to a franchise that operates as a duplicate of the operations of the franchisor.. Joint Venture * A joint venture (JV) is a firm created and jointly owned by two or three companies. It is created when two or three exporters want to share the costs of investing in a facility abroad. Often the joint owners are companies manufacturing complementary product lines. Sometimes, an exporter wants a local partner to provide capital and knowledge of the market. Some countries require local partnership for foreign investors. Joint ventures work well while the relationship is strong. Unfortunately, the two entities will often grow in different directions over time and the joint venture will suffer. Joint Venture * German Firm Brazilian Firm Joint Venture in China Chinese Consumers A Finnish firm, a German firm, and a Brazilian firm create a joint venture in China Finnish Firm Joint Venture * Italian Firm Chinese Firm Joint Venture in China Chinese Consumers An Italian firm creates a joint venture with a Chinese partner to enter the Chinese market. Joint Venture * Entry strategies using Joint Venture are generally created for one of several reasons: 1.The