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Great China Network Solution Division Content System Introduction Network Element NMC, MSC and OMC Base Station System Speech transcoder (XCDR) Typical GSM Network Standardized Interface Network protocols Signaling links System Introduction Network Element Network Management Center The Network Management Center (NMC) administers the entire cellular network to provide operations and maintenance at the network level. Mobile services Switching Center The Mobile services Switching Center (MSC) is a telephone switching office for handling calls to and from the MSs within a defined geographical area. The MSC also provides the interface between the cellular network and the ordinary land-based Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), allowing the GSM cellular system to function as an extension of the PSTN. It also allows the GSM network to interface to other PLMNs. There can be a number of MSCs within the region controlled by an OMC. System Introduction Operations and Maintenance Center The Operations and Maintenance Center (OMC) is a regional site which controls and monitors the daily operation of network elements within its region and the quality of service provided by the network. System Introduction Base Station System The Base Station System (BSS) provides the radio interface between the MSs operating within a specific area, and the MSC. In GSM terms, the area covered by a BSS is defined as a particular cell, or a number of cells, within the cellular network. System Introduction Base Station Controller (BSC) The BSC controls one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) and acts as the digital processing interface between the BTS and the MSC. System Introduction Speech transcoder (XCDR) The speech transcoder (XCDR) is the digital signal processing equipment required to perform GSM-defined speech encoding and decoding. In terms of data transmission, the speech transcoder interfaces the 64 kbit/s PCM in the land network to the 13 kbit/s vocoder format used on the A