华工软件基础第3章_操作系统_第1节_概述_第2节_用户接口研讨.pptVIP

计算机软件技术基础 Chapter 3 Operating System (操作系统) WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? An operating system (操作系统) is a kind of software that manages the computer resources, such as CPUs, Memories, Hard disks, acts as an intermediary(桥梁) between the computer hardware and the computer user, provides the system services to user programs, provides an environment for executing programs. Components of a computer system Components of a computer system Hardware – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices). Operating system – controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. Applications programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs). Users (people, machines, other computers). What Is an Operating System? （User view） PC users (PC用户)： The OS is designed to mostly for ease of use(便于使用), with some attention paid to performance(性能), and none paid to resource utilization(资源利用率). Mainframe or minicomputer users (大型机和小型机用户)：The OS is designed to maximize resource utilization. Workstation users (工作站用户)： The OS is designed to compromise(平衡、折衷) between resource utilization and individual usability. Handheld users (手持设备用户)： Mostly for individual usability(用途), but performance per amount of battery life(电池寿命) is important as well. What Is an Operating System? （System view） An operating system is a resource allocator (分配器). An operating system is to execute user programs and to make problem-solving easier for user. An operating system is a control program that manages the execution(运行) of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer. Goals of Operating System Goals of OS Convenience (便捷性): Make the computer convenient to use. Efficiency (高效性): Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Extensibility (扩展性): Easy to modified or update. Open (开放性): Provide an op