应用化学专业外语第六单元第二节U06L02研讨.ppt

Contents summary Glycolysis ,which literally means splitting of a sugar ,is a process whereby a glucose molecule is split in two in order to generate ATP（adenosine triphosphate ) . 糖酵解，它的字面意思是糖分解的过程，即：葡萄糖分子被一分为二，生成ATP（三磷酸腺苷）。 This is the simplest form of metabolism in the cell ,which takes place in the absence of oxygen and is utilized under at least some conditions by all the type of cells. 这是细胞中最简单的代谢形式，它发生在缺氧的情况下，在一定条件下，能够被所有类型的细胞所利用。 Moreover ,glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate which can then be used to generate more ATP in aerobic organisms. 此外，在好氧生物中，糖酵解一分子的葡萄糖为2分子丙酮酸，然后产生更多的ATP。 A glucose molecule ,shown in Figure 6-2-1,contains 6 carbon atoms ;a molecule of pyruvate ,shown in Figure 6-2-2,has 3 carbon atoms. Pyruvate can be oxidized in the citric aid cycle。 如图6-2-1所示，一个葡萄糖分子(含有6个碳原子)；如图6-2-2所示，一分子丙酮酸(有3个碳原子)。在柠檬酸的作用下，丙酮酸可以循环氧化。 The release of energy from a glucose molecule using glycolysis is probably of very ancient origin .We know this because 葡萄糖分子利用糖酵解释放能量可能是非常古老的起源。我们知道这是因为 The chemical formula of pyruvate is C3H4O3 . 丙酮酸的化学分子式是 C3H4O3。 Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and it requires a total of 10 enzymes along with the investment of 2 ATP molecules. These 2 ATP molecules are used in the following ways : 糖酵解发生在细胞质中，整个过程需要10种酶和2个ATP分子.这2个ATP分子被用做以下两个方面： An ATP molecule donates a phosphate group to glucose giving glucose phosphate. 一个ATP分子将带有磷酸基团的葡萄糖转化为葡萄糖磷酸。 The second ATP molecule donates a phosphate turning fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. 第二个ATP分子是利用磷酸将果糖-6-磷酸转化为果糖1,6-二磷酸 。 Glycolysis yields 2 NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) molecules and 2 protons.In the back of your mind ,make a note that the cell requires NAD+ to generate more ATP. 糖酵解产生2个NADH（烟酰胺腺嘌呤酸二核苷酸）分子和2个质子。在你的脑海里，要注意细胞需要NAD+产生更多的ATP。 In cells that can use aerobic metabolism ,pyruvate