干奶牛的饲养管理.pptVIP

干奶牛的饲养管理 Andrea Murphy McIntosh, M.Sc. amurphy@ 干奶期的阶段划分Transition Phases 1. 干奶早期 Far off dry cow 2. 干奶后期 Close up dry cow 3. 新产牛 Fresh cow 干奶期的饲养目标Goals of a Dry Cow Program 为下个泌乳期作准备 Prepare the cow for her next lactation 适于母牛与胎儿的营养变化需求 Adapt to changing nutrient requirements of the dam calf 维持健康 Maintain health 维持体况 Maintain body condition 奶牛舒适 Cow Comfort 第一阶段. 干奶早期Phase 1. Far Away Dry Cow 干奶至产前21天 Starts the day she is dried off and ends 21 days prepartum 注意的关键是乳腺组织收缩良好，减少下一泌乳期的乳房炎发病 Key focus is successful udder involution to minimise risk of mastitis in the next lactation 干奶方法Drying Off Strategies 1. 将产奶量降到22公斤以下 Reduce 22 kg milk production 改变饲料 Change feed 更换牛群 Change group 改变环境 Change environment 2. 一次性停奶 Stop milking abruptly 3. 每个乳区注药 Infuse each quarter 干奶方法Drying Off Strategies 4. 封闭乳头或连续药浴数日 Seal the teat or dip for several days 5. 监控乳房Monitor the udder 乳腺组织收缩需要30天， 由荷尔蒙控制 Involution takes 30 days and is hormonally controlled 干奶早期Far Away Dry Cow 胎儿在发育，但对母牛的需求并不巨大The fetus is growing but does not place a huge demand on the dam 饲喂方案应注意维持体膘 Feeding programs should be balanced to maintain body condition 干奶牛的体况评分Dry Cow Body Condition Score 目标Target 3.5 +/- 0.25 干奶牛的体况评分Dry Cow Body Condition 干奶早期分群Far Off Dry Cow Groups 体况差的牛Thin dry cows 增加体膘 add BCS 体况肥的牛Heavy dry cows 维持maintain 头胎牛Heifers 日增重650克+怀孕 gain 650 grams per day plus pregnancy 干奶牛的日粮配合Far Off Dry Cow Ration Formulation 任何日粮都应首先考虑干物质摄入量The first consideration in any ration is DRY MATTER INTAKE! 干奶牛一般采食量12-13公斤 Far Off dry cows will typically eat 12 – 13 kg 粗饲料质量 Forage quality 当地有的饲料 Feed availability 干奶早期牛的营养需求Far Off Dry Cow Nutrient Guidelines 12 – 13 13% 70% 30 % 35% 干奶牛的营养需求Far Off Dry Cow Nutrient Guidelines 60 1.39 2 30 40 30 干奶牛的营养需求Far Off Dry Cow Nutrient Guidelines Calcium 钙 Phosphorus 磷 Magnesium 镁 Potassium 钾 Sodium 钠 Chlorine 氯 Sulfur 硫 0.60 % 0.26 % 0.16 % 0.65 % 0.10 % 0.2