表观遗传学染色质重塑重点分析.pptxVIP

染色质重塑Chromatin Remodeling 染色质结构改变与基因转录、DNA复制、修复、重组等有关。 引起染色质改变的包括依赖ATP水解的染色质重塑和不依赖ATP水解的DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰等 简介 Chromosomal biology involves a dynamic balance between genome packaging and genome access. Remodelers use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to change the packaging state of chromatin the DNA elements that control chromosomal processes (enhancers, promoters, replication origins) must be exposed in a regulated manner to properly execute various processes, such as gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination. Therefore, chromatin structure not only provides a packaging solution, but also an opportunity for regulation. We focus on dynamic chromatin from the perspective of chromatin remodelers and discuss recent advances in how they are specialized for the processes listed above, how they move or restructure nucleosomes, how they are targeted and regulated, and how mutations in remodelers impact development and human disease. 简介 Why Do Cells Need Remodelers? Following replication, nucleosomes must be deposited and properly spaced genome-wide. Solution: Specialized remodelers are utilized to correctly space nucleosomes following replication. Densely packed nucleosomes can hide important cis DNA elements as most DNA-binding factors cannot bind their cognate site if one face of the DNA is wrapped on the nucleosome surface. Solution: There are two methods for element exposure: (a) position the cis elements in nucleosome-free regions or in the DNA linker between nucleosomes, and (b) utilize a specialized remodeler to slide the nucleosome, or to expose the element transiently on the nucleosome surface. DNA repair requires access to all DNA base pairs, and recombination requires access to long stretches of DNA. Thus, nucleosomes must be mobilized or ejected to provide rapid access. Solution: Specialized remodelers assist in nucleosome removal, sliding, and restructuring during repair and recombination. The progress of RNA and DNA polymerases can