第四讲 公共管理中的领导：理论与实践11.ppt

讨论 1.What is Leadership? 2.What is Your Decision? ---Story one: how to use the money, for welfare of staff or infrastructure ? ---Story two: what to do if u receive a terrorist call of bombing the school house ? 一.领导的定义 斯托格狄尔(R.M.Stogdill)：领导是对一个组织起来的群体为确立目标和实现目标所进行的活动施加影响的过程。 孔兹(Koontz，1959)：领导是影响人们使之跟随着去完成某一共同目标，是一门促使其部属充满信心，满怀热情地完成他们的任务的艺术。 舒马洪(Schermerhorn,1988)：这是人际相互影响中的一个特例，在这种特例中，个人或群体会仿照领导者的指示去行动。 (一)领导的定义 小唐纳利(Donnelly,Jr.,1978)：领导是一个人向其它人施加影响的过程。 霍根(Hogan,1994)等：领导实际上是劝服其它人在一定时期内放弃个人目标，而去追求对群体责任和利益至关重要的组织目标。 大桥武夫（1980）：领导是发挥集团内成员的全部力量，通过代表全体成员的集体意志，完成集团所规定的目标，是为实现该目标而令其成员努力进步的动力。 卢盛忠等（1984）和俞文钊（1988）领导是指引和影响个人或组织，在一定条件下实现目标的过程。 (二)共同之处 均清楚地将领导与领导者两个概念区分开来。 均强调领导是一个“影响的过程”，可以说“影响”是理解领导中心涵义的基础。 ? Definitions of Leadership cont Leadership are those who consistently make effective contributions to social order and who are expected and perceived to do so ( Hosking, 1988) Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction) to collective effort, and cause willing effort to be expected to achieve purpose (Jacobs Jaques, 1990) Leadership is the ability to step outside the culture… to start evolutionary change process that are more adaptive (Schein, 1992) Definitions of Leadership cont. Leadership is the process of making sense of what people are doing together so that people will understand and be committed(Drath Palus, 1994) Leadership is about articulating visions, embodying values, and creating the environment within which things can be accomplished (Richards Engle, 1986) Definitions of Leadership cont. What is Leadership(Peter F. Drucker) Leadership is not magnetic personality/that can just as well be a glib tongue. It is not making friends and influencing people /that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a persons vision to higher sights, the raising of a persons performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations. Definitions of Leadership cont. what is leadership? leadership is the ability to