人体正常结构-消化系统技术报告.ppt

Splanchnology内脏学 夏青 人体解剖学教研室 天津医学高等专科学校 Composition: Digestive system 消化系统 Respiratory system 呼吸系统 Urinary system 泌尿系统 Reproductive system 生殖系统 Digestive System消化系统 Reference lines of thorax胸部标志线 Anterior median line前正中线 Midclavicular line锁骨中线 Midaxillary line腋中线 Scapular line肩胛线 Posterior median line 后正中线 The abdominal regions腹部分区 Nine regions九区法 Four quadrants 四区法 Four quadrants 四区法 The Esophagus 食管 General features 位置及形态 a muscular tuber about 25cm long, connecting the pharynx at level of C6 vertebra, at level of T11 vertebra enters the stomach. Division: Cervical part 颈部 Thoracic part胸部 Abdominal part腹部 Three constrictions食管3个狭窄 第一狭窄：起始部At its beginning, 15cm from incisors, lies at level of C6, is the narrowest part of the esophagus 第二狭窄： 与左主支气管交叉处Where it is crossed by left main bronchus, 25cm from incisors, lies at level of intervertebral disc between T4 and T5. 第三狭窄：穿膈处 Where it passes through the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm, 40cm from incisors, at level of T10 The Stomach 胃 Shape形态、分部 Two surface两壁: anterior前壁 and posterior后壁. Two curvatures两缘 Lesser curvature 胃小弯 : short, concave and directed to the right and upward, Greater curvature 胃大弯: long, convex and directed to the left and downward. Two openings两口 Cardia 贲门 Pylorus 幽门 Four parts四部 Cardiac part 贲门部 Fundus of stomach 胃底 Body of stomach 胃体 Pyloric part 幽门部 Pyloric antrum 幽门窦 Pyloric canal 幽门管 Position 胃的位置 －Mainly parts is situated in the left hypochondriac region左季肋区, small in the epigastric region腹上区; The Small Intestine小肠 About 5-7m long, Divided into Duodenum 十二指肠 Jejunum 空肠 Ileum 回肠 Duodenum十二指肠 Four parts Superior part 上部 Duodenal cap 十二指肠球 Superior duodednal flexure 十二指肠上曲 Descending part 降部 Major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头 Minor duodenal papilla 十二指肠小乳头 Inferior duodenal flexure 十二指肠下曲 Horizontal part 水平部 Ascending part 升部 duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲 十二指肠悬韧带 (ligament of Treitz), a surgical landmark, descends from the right cr