病原学检测法.pptVIP

Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University 第一篇 微生物学基础 第8章 微生物感染的病原学检查法 Laboratory Diagnosis 教学大纲 掌握内容 细菌 细菌感染的微生物学检查程序 直接涂片镜检、分离培养和鉴定、生化试验、血清学试验及动物实验 病原菌抗原成分、核酸及其他成分的检测方法 血清学诊断原则及常用的方法 病毒 病毒分离鉴定方法及病毒在培养细胞中的增殖的指标 病毒数量与感染性的测定（TCID50、PFU的原理、应用） 病毒成份的检测（抗原、核酸检测） 病毒抗体检测常用方法的原理及应用、双份血清诊断意义 熟悉内容 标本的采集与送检原则 革兰染色和抗酸染色的原理 细菌药敏试验 真菌感染的微生物学检查法 了解内容 组织培养；聚合酶链反应、蛋白印迹技术的原理和应用 Outline Laboratory diagnosis for bacterial infections Morphological -- microscopic Molecular Serological Laboratory diagnosis for viral infections Morphological -- electron microscopic Isolation Molecular: nucleic acids and proteins Serological Laboratory diagnosis for fungal infections Morphological -- microscopic Isolation Assays Morphological assays Light or electron microscopies Isolation and differentiation Serological assays Antigen-antibody assays Molecular assays Microorganism’s gene (DNA RNA) Principles for Specimen Collection Sterile manipulation, avoid contamination Obtain a specimen from the infected site according to the disease phase before administrating antibiotics Double sera for antibody detections, acute and recovery phase each Positive if the titer of the later specimen is above 4X to the first specimen Transport, and store correctly as soon as possible Store at -4oC for most bacterial specimens, but keep warm for Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Store at -4oC ~ -70oC for viral specimens Laboratory Diagnosis for Bacterial Infections 　Morphological 　Protein and Nucleic acids 　Antibody Bacteriological Diagnosis Identifying the organism Morphological Isolation culture Biochemical reaction Serological assays Pathogenesis antibiotics susceptibility Animal experiment Virulence test antibiotics susceptibility Morphological Non-stained microscopic observation Dark-field microscopy Observing the movement of live bacteria Stained microscopic observations Gram stain Acid-fast stain Fluorescence stain Isolation Culture: Colony Size Shape Color