汪世华分子生物学7解读.ppt

Arabinose binds to AraC, changing its shape so it prefers to bind as a dimer to l1 and l2 and not to O2. This opens up the promoter to binding by RNA polymerase. If glucose is absent, the CAP–cAMP complex is in high enough concentration to occupy the CAP-binding site, which stimulates polymerase binding to the promoter. Now active transcription can occur. Autoregulation of araC AraC controls its own synthesis by binding to araO1 and preventing leftward transcription of the araC gene. 7.2.1 SD sequence 7.2.2 mRNA stability 7.2.3 rare codons 7.2.4 anti-sense RNA 7.2.5 CRISPR 7.2.6 overlapping genes 7.2.7 Stringent response SD sequence helps recruit the ribosome to the mRNA to initiate protein synthesis by aligning it with the start codon. The nucleotide composition of SD sequence and the spacing between the SD and the initiation codon strongly affects translational efficiency. Inverted repeats(IR): a sequence of nucleotides that is the reversed complement of another sequence further downstream. mRNA contains IR (usually present in the 3’UTR region) capable of forming Stem-loop structure. Bacterial mRNA Degradation Involves Multiple Enzymes The overall direction of degradation of bacterial mRNA is 5→3’. Degradation results from the combination of endonucleolytic cleavages followed by exonucleolytic degradation of the fragment from 3→5’. Rich rare codons in dnaG sequence → rare tRNA → rare proteins antisense RNA: An RNA complementary to an mRNA. DNA replication → Anti-sense RNA complementary to RNA primer (function in initiation of replication ) Transcriptional level → complementary to 5’ region of mRNA → no intact mRNA Translational level → complementary to SD sequence → disable binding to ribosome → no translation Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats CRISPRs consist of repeated sequences (each 30 bp long and highly conserved within a given cluster) interleaved with spacer sequences of similar length but highly divergent sequence. CRISPRs