statistics05.pptVIP

Statistics 04-1 Testing for Differences 平均数的显著性检验（样本与总体） 总体正态分布 总体方差已知 总体方差未知 总体非正态分布 平均数差异的显著性检验（总体与总体） 两组样本独立 两个总体方差σ12 、σ22未知 两个总体方差不等 两组样本相关 相关系数未知 相关系数已知 方差的显著性检验 样本方差与总体方差差异 两个样本方差 平均数的显著性检验（样本与总体） 总体正态分布、总体方差已知 Z Test |Z|＝|（Xˉ－μ0）/(σ0/SQRT(n))| where Xˉ:mean of the sample μ0: mean of the population σ0: standard deviation of the population n: size of the sample Note: Z value is estimated on the basis of standard error of the population 平均数的显著性检验（样本与总体） 总体正态分布、总体方差未知 t test |t|=|（Xˉ－μ0）/(s/SQRT(n-1))| where Xˉ:mean of the sample μ0: mean of the population s: standard deviation of the population n: size of the sample Note: t value is estimated on the basis of standard error of the population Z test is also called large sample test. t test is also called small sample test. 平均数的显著性检验（样本与总体） 总体非正态分布 When n≦30, nonparametric test is used.(Chapter 10) When n≧30, Z’ test is applied. ? |Z|＝|（Xˉ－μ0）/(s/SQRT(n))| where Xˉ:mean of the sample μ0: mean of the population s: standard deviation of the sample n: size of the sample 平均数差异的显著性检验（总体与总体）：两组样本独立 两个总体方差σ12 、σ22已知 已知： σ12 、σ22 ： 两个总体方差 X1ˉ、X2ˉ ：来自两个总体的两个样本平均数 求证： μ1和μ2是否存在显著性差异 因此：Z＝（(X1ˉ－X2ˉ)－（μ1－μ2））/ SQRT（σ12/n1＋σ22/n2） 平均数差异的显著性检验（总体与总体）：两组样本独立 Case Two samples of CET-4 scores from two schools of the north and the south respectively. Sample 1 (from the north): Size: n=150 Sample mean: X1ˉ=67.5 Standard deviation of Population 1 (from the north): σ1=5.6 Sample 2 (from the south): Size: n=460 Sample mean: X2ˉ=64.5 Standard deviation of Population 1 (from the north): σ2=5.14 平均数差异的显著性检验（总体与总体）：两组样本独立 H0: μ1=μ2 (There is no significant difference between the means of the two populations) H1: μ1≠μ2 Z＝（(X1ˉ－X2ˉ)－（μ1－μ2））/ SQRT（σ12/n1＋σ22/n2） ＝((67.5-64.5)-0)/SQRT(5.62/1505.142/460) ＝5.81 Look up in Norma Distribution Table for the critical Z value: Z(0.01/2)=2.58 Z Z(0.01/2) H0 rejected There is significant difference b