Section 332 Deep Heat.pptVIP

Generation of Ultrasound in tissues, ultrasound is transmitted, absorbed, reflected, or refracted absorption of ultrasound energy generates heat at higher F’s, more tissue friction must be overcome the more friction that must be overcome, the more heat is generated the more friction that must be overcome, less energy left for propagation higher frequencies of ultrasound penetrate less deep before being absorbed 3 MHz frequency used to treat tissues at depths of 1 cm to 2 cm 1 MHz frequency used to treat tissues 2 cm from the surface Ultrasound Intensity (Sound Pressure) Spatial Peak Intensity (SPI) - highest intensity within beam Beam Non-uniformity Ratio - can be thought of as “SPI/SAI” the lower the BNR the more even the distribution of sound energy BNR should always be between 2 and 6 Electricity Amperage - the intensity of electric current rate e- flow- cathode to anode: 1 amp = 6.25 x 1018 e-’s / sec intensity perception of electron flow to humans 0-1 milliamps (mamps): imperceptible 1-15 mamps :tingling sensation and muscle contraction 15-100 mamps : painful shock 100-200 mamps can cause cardiac and respiratory arrest 200 mamps will cause instant tissue burning and destruction Electricity Electricity Waveforms “modulation” - alteration of current magnitude and duration pulsatile current - interrupted current flow (“on” - “off” periods) 15 pulses / sec, the induced contractions are individual between 15 25 pulses / sec, summation occurs r u muscle tone 50 pulses / sec induces tetany current density (amps / cm2) - inversely related to electrode size * Deep Heat - Ultrasound Sound - propagation of vibratory motion chemical bonds hold molecules together molecule vibrates r transmitted to next Sound (ultrasound) properties Frequency (F) - number of vibratory oscillations (cycles) / sec (Hertz -Hz) Human ear hearing range: 16 Hz - 20,000 Hz therapeutic ultrasound: (.75 MHz - 3 MHz) Wavelength (l) - distance between 2 successive peaks in pressur