chapter3-priciple.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Chromatography General Principles Separate the plant pigments, such as chlorophylls and xanthophylls. 样品 载液 1.2 Classification of Chromatography A. According to the modes of separation component chromatographic methods： Planar chromatography - flat stationary phase, mobile phase moves through capillary action or gravity Column chromatography - tube of stationary phase, mobile phase moves by pressure or gravity B. Separation mechanism： 吸附色谱(adsorption chromatography): 不同组份在固定相的吸附作用不同； 分配色谱(partition chromatography)： 不同组份在固定相上的溶解能力不同； 离子交换色谱(ion-exchange)： 不同组份在固定相（离子交换剂）上的亲和力不同； 凝胶色谱（尺寸排阻色谱 gel chromatograhy）： 不同尺寸分子在固定相上的渗透作用。 Chromatographic Curve Chromatogram The chart of output detector response (concentration) versus time The protuberance in the curve is called chromatographic peak (2)Baseline(基线) Chromatographic curve under the experimental operation conditions, no components of materials flow out after the column (6) 色谱峰区域宽度(peak width) Standard deviation ? Half –width of chromatographic peak at 0.607 times peak height (0.607倍峰高处色谱峰宽的一半) (7) Retention value 表示试样中各组分在色谱柱中滞留时间的数值。 第一，用时间描述组分保留行为的参数； 第二，用流动相的体积描述组分保留行为的参数； 第三，用相对值描述组分保留行为的参数。 ■ Rely on component partition on two phases (or absorption) ■Thermodynamic controlled (Properties of stationary phase operation conditions) ■ Qualitative Base ●Retention time tR The time at which the maximum of the peak appears after sample injection VM = tMF0 F0为扣除饱和水蒸气压并经温度校正的流速。 仅适用于气相色谱，不适用于液相色谱 The ratio of adjusted retention value of the second component to that of the first component r21= tR(2) ? / tR(1)′= VR(2)? / VR(1)? ? tR(2) / tR(1) ?VR(2) / VR(1) 由于相对保留值只与柱温及固定相性质有关，而与柱径、柱长、填充情况及流动相流速无关，因此，它在色谱法中，特别是在气相色谱法中，广泛用作定性的依据。 Nomenclature